2002年地球科学学科部五处（大气科学学科）工作报告

1　2002年申请和资助情况1.1　2002年项目受理概况2002年地球科学部科学五处共受理基金申请项目243项。其中:杰出青年科学基金项目6项,海外青年学者合作研究基金项目3项,创新研究群体1项,面上项目199项,国家自然科学基金委员会与香港研究资助局联合科研资助项目1项,ＧＭ中国科学基金1项,出版基金3项,仪器专项1项。与2001年比较,2002年面上项目(199项)增加28.4%(44项)。其中:自由申请(141项)项目增加20.5%(27项),平均申请强度为27.33万元/项;青申请强度为25.79万元/项;地区科学基金11项,较2001年的2项有了明显的增加,平均申请强度26.91万元/…     

赴日本参加“首届Argo国际科学研讨会”总结

Argo计划是由美国、日本等国家的大气和海洋科学家于1998年推出的全球海洋实时观测试验项目。该计划构想用3～4年时间(2000～2004年)在全球大洋中每隔300km布放一个卫星跟踪浮标，总计为3000个，组成一     

TRMM卫星微波成像仪分级产品及其反演降水算法

文章叙述了获取定量降水信息的意义，简要介绍了对热带测雨卫星TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission)的仪器、美国国家宇航局提供的微波成像仪TMI(TRMM Microwave Imager)分级产品。对比了物理方法和经验方法反演降水的特点，并对一些经验方法以及倾斜对流系统对反演降水的影响、动态聚类分析、神经网络反演方法的研究成果进行了介绍。     

Editorial Statement——Action and Policy

On 16 March 2004, we received an appeal from Dr. Qing WANG of the United States‘ Naval Postgraduate School questioning the legitimacy of the paper entitled, Modeling Marine Stratocumulus with a Detailed Microphysical Scheme, that was published by ZHAO Chunsheng and Yutaka Ishizaka in the January 2004 issue of the Advances in Atmospheric Sciences (AAS). She pointed out that the model described in the paper was developed by her group in which the first author, Dr. Zhao, worked as a visiting scholar during February 1997-February 1998.     

征稿简则

简介:《中国科学:地球科学》(中文版)和SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences (英文版)是中国科学院和国家自然科学基金委员会共同主办、《中国科学》杂志社出版的学术刊物.力求及时报道地质科学、地球化学、地球物理学、空间科学、地理科学、环境科学、大气科学和海洋科学基础研究与应用研究方面具有创新性和重要科学意义的最新研究成果.     

海洋:地球最好的“温度计”

根据2019年1月16日发表在美国《大气科学进展》上的研究报告,自人类有记录以来,2018年地球上的海洋温度比以往任何时候都要高。海洋已经吸收了了人类温室气体所捕获热量的90%以上,减缓了大气变暖的节奏,但却导致了地球气候许多其他不良的变化。     

我国 Argo 大洋观测系统及其资料同化与短期气候预测

全球气候变化对社会和经济发展具有重要的影响,国际Argo计划的组织实施为海洋和大气科学界提供了覆盖全球海洋的物理海洋环境要素立体观测资料。本项目通过构建中国Argo大洋观测网这一基础平台,使我国首次实现了对深海大洋0~2000米水深内的海水温度和盐度进行长     

Performance of a Reconfigured Atmospheric General Circulation Model at Low Resolution

Paleoclimate simulations usually require model runs over a very long time.The fast integration version of a state-of-the-art general circulation model (GCM),which shares the same physical and dynamical processes but with reduced horizontal resolution and increased time step,is usually developed.In this study,we configure a fast version of an atmospheric GCM (AGCM),the Grid Atmospheric Model of IAP/LASG (Institute of Atmospheric Physics/State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics),at low resolution (GAMIL-L,hereafter),and compare the simulation results with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and other data to examine its performance.GAMIL-L,which is derived from the original GAMIL,is a finite difference AGCM with 72×40 grids in longitude and latitude and 26 vertical levels.To validate the simulated climatology and variability,two runs were achieved.One was a 60-year control run with fixed climatological monthly sea surface temperature (SST) forcing,and the other was a 50-yr (1950-2000) integration with observational time-varying monthly SST forcing.Comparisons between these two cases and the reanalysis,including intra-seasonal and inter-annual variability are also presented.In addition,the differences between GAMIL-L and the original version of GAMIL are also investigated. The results show that GAMIL-L can capture most of the large-scale dynamical features of the atmosphere, especially in the tropics and mid latitudes,although a few deficiencies exist,such as the underestimated Hadley cell and thereby the weak strength of the Asia summer monsoon.However,the simulated mean states over high latitudes,especially over the polar regions,are not acceptable.Apart from dynamics,the thermodynamic features mainly depend upon the physical parameterization schemes.Since the physical package of GAMIL-L is exactly the same as the original high-resolution version of GAMIL,in which the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM2) physical package was used,there are only small differences between them in the precipitation and temperature fields.Because our goal is to develop a fast-running AGCM and employ it in the coupled climate system model of IAP/LASG for paleoclimate studies such as ENSO and Australia-Asia monsoon,particular attention has been paid to the model performances in the tropics.More model validations,such as those ran for the Southern Oscillation and South Asia monsoon, indicate that GAMIL-L is reasonably competent and valuable in this regard.     

Interdecadal Variability of the East Asian Summer Monsoon and Associated Atmospheric Circulations

Based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research （NCEP/NCAR） reanalysis data from 1950-1999, interdecadal variability of the East Asian Summer Monsoon （EASM） and its associated atmospheric circulations are investigated. The EASM exhibits a distinct interdecadal variation, with stronger （weaker） summer monsoon maintained from 1950-1964 （1976-1997）. In the former case, there is an enhanced Walker cell in the eastern Pacific and an anti-Walker cell in the western Pacific. The associated ascending motion resides in the central Pacific, which flows eastward and westward in the upper troposphere, descending in the eastern and western ends of the Pacific basin. At the same time, an anomalous East Asian Hadley Cell （EAHC） is found to connect the low-latitude and mid-latitude systems in East Asia, which strengthens the EASM. The descending branch of the EAHC lies in the west part of the anti-Walker cell, flowing northward in the lower troposphere and then ascending at the south of Lake Baikal （40°-50°N, 95°- 115°E） before returning to low latitudes in the upper troposphere, thus strengthening the EASM. The relationship between the EASM and SST in the eastern tropical Pacific is also discussed. A possible mechanism is proposed to link interdecadal variation of the EASM with the eastern tropical Pacific SST. A warmer sea surface temperature anomaly （SSTA） therein induces anomalous ascending motion in the eastern Pacific, resulting in a weaker Walker cell, and at the same time inducing an anomalous Walker cell in the western Pacific and an enhanced EAHC, leading to a weaker EASM. Furthermore, the interdecadal variation of summer precipitation over North China is found to be the south of Lake Baikal through enhancing and reducing strongly regulated by the velocity potential over the regional vertical motions.     

1986-2006年国家自然科学基金大气科学领域面上项目基金资助及成果统计分析

利用国家自然科学基金委员会项目档案电子查询系统提供的历年项目申请书和结题报告定量化数据,对1986—2006年大气科学领域面上项目基金资助情况和成果进行了统计分析,并据此揭示了20年来面上项目基金资助强度的发展变化,分析了基金投入和成果产出之间的关系,以及科学基金项目在稳定我国大气科学人才队伍中的作用;也是大气科学领域自然科学基金面上项目20年资助状况的回顾和总结。