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小尺寸人工冰样主要用于冰的力学特性研究,具有制备程序简单、周期短、成本低、不受季节和地域限制等优点。本文在-3.5~-17.3 ℃温度和10~100 MPa压力条件下开展了雪压力烧结实验研究,采用压力烧结法制备了小尺寸人工冰样,其结果揭示了烧结应力和烧结时间对雪压力烧结过程中的密度演化和冰样最终烧结密度的影响,得出使用压力烧结法来制备冰样时可以选择长时间、低应力、近融点温度或短时间、高应力、低温度的条件,来制备密度为0.917 g/cm3的人工冰样。实验结果验证了压力烧结法制备人工冰样的的可靠性和可重复性,为冰力学特性实验提供了一套切实可行的小尺寸人工冰样制备工艺。 相似文献
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导致热带产卡拉胶海藻大规模死亡原因分析与藻株抗病差异性比较 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
2008年夏季东南亚地区栽培的产卡拉胶海藻麒麟菜类陆续发生冰样白化病害并造成大规模死亡.本文根据作者近年来的观测和实验数据探讨了产生该现象的环境因素,通过重演性实验验证和比较了不同株系抗病力差异.结果表明:1)不同海菜株系的抗病能力差异很大,从印度尼西亚引进株系比从菲律宾引进株系抗病能力强,其中株系5抗病能力最强,没有发生冰样白化病症:株系4、6和11的抗病能力次之,只在10%以下的藻株出现病害症状,日生长速率在7%以上的高水平:株系7、8和9号病害损伤程度是印度尼西亚引进株系中最为严重的,但比原产菲律宾海菜要轻.2)与往年同期气象数据相比,在病害发生期间光照时间短、强度弱、海水温度高、降雨量多、蒸发量少、海水盐度下降,上述变化明显不能满足热带产胶海藻生长所需要环境条件,导致了海菜生理状况和生长速率下降.3)从海湾内海菜发病分布和死亡程度上,越远离海湾口和偏离主航道、水浅流速小区域所栽培的海菜发病越早、死亡也越严重;相反,在靠近湾口与外海具有较好水交换和离航道近、水深流速大的区域,海菜发病相对较晚.4)重演实验证实,将海菜浸泡在盐度28的海水中2h,1天后部分株系就会出现冰样白化病症,3天后藻体软化而死亡;海菜浸泡在22盐度的海水2h,会导致更多株系的海菜发生严重的白化病害并死亡.上述结果表明,过多降雨所导致的海水盐度下降是诱发热带产胶海藻爆发大面积病害发生和死亡的主要原因. 相似文献
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The distribution and ultrastructure of pigment cells in skins of normal and albino adult turbots were examined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Three types of pigment cells of melanophore, iridophore and xanthophore have been recognized in adult turbot skins. The skin color depends mainly on the amount and distribution of melanophore and iridophore, as xanthophore is quite rare. No pigment cells can be found in the epidermis of the skins. In the pigmented ocular skin of the turbot, melanophore and iridophore are usually co-localized in the dermis. This is quite different from the distribution in larvae skin. In albino and white blind skins of adult turbots, however, only iridophore monolayer still exists, while the melanophore monolayer disappears. This cytological evidence explains why the albino adult turbot, unlike its larvae, could never resume its body color no matter what environmental and nutritional conditions were provided. Endocytosis is quite active in the cellular membrane of the iridophore. This might be related to the formation of reflective platelet and stability of the iridophore. 相似文献
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