低聚壳聚糖的美拉德反应及其衍生物的抗氧化性能研究

醇沉法制得低聚壳聚糖美拉德反应8、16 h以及24 h的衍生物,分别记为CC-8、CC-16以及CC-24。对3种衍生物进行红外表征和分子量测定,并研究其对超氧阳离子O 2&、DPPH的清除能力以及还原能力。结果显示:反应体系pH呈下降趋势;UV-Vis光谱在280 nm波长处吸收峰有明显增强,反应16 h后增长缓慢;在343 nm的激发波长和420 nm发射波长下的荧光强度明显增高,反应16 h后开始下降;3种衍生物均保留着低聚壳聚糖的特征吸收峰;其对O 2&、.DPPH的清除能力以及还原能力均得到显著提高,且CC-16抗氧化能力最好。     

低聚羧甲基壳聚糖的抗氧化性能

将低聚壳聚糖(chitosan oligosaccharide,COS)醚化得到O-羧甲基壳聚糖(O-carboxymethyl chito-sanolig osaccharide,O-CMCOS)和N-羧甲基壳聚糖(N-carboxymethyl chitosanolig osaccharide,N-CMCOS),其取代度(substituting degree,DS)均为0.54,用红外光谱对其结构进行表征。同时,考察了其结构对超氧阴离子的清除活性以及还原能力。结果表明,COS及其衍生物清除超氧阴离子的活性及还原能力的强弱顺序均为:O-CMCOSCOSN-CMCOS。     

Cloning and expression analysis of the chloroplast fructose- 1,6-bisphosphatase gene from Pyropia haitanensis

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase(FBPase) is one of the key enzymes in Calvin circle and starch biosynthesis. In this study, the full-length of cpFBPase gene from Pyropia haitanensis was cloned by using rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE) technology. The nucleotide sequence of PhcpFBPase consists of 1 400 bp, including a 5′ untranslated region(UTR) of 92 bp, a 3′?UTR of 69 bp, and an open reading frame(ORF) of 1 236 bp, which can be translated into a 412-amino-acid putative peptides with a molecular weight of 44.3 kDa and a theoretical pI of 5.23. Multiple sequence alignment indicated that the protein belonged to the chloroplast FBPase enzyme. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the protein assembled with the cpFBPase of a thermal tolerant unicellular red micro-algae Galdieria sulphuraria. Expression patterns analyzed by qRT-PCR revealed that the expression of PhcpFBPase gene in the thallus phage was 7-fold higher than in the conchocelis phage, which suggested the different mechanisms of inorganic carbon utilization among the different life phages of P. haitanensis. And the different response modes of PhcpFBPase mRNA levels to high temperature and desiccation stress indicated that PhcpFBPase played an important role in responsing to abiotic stress.     

芒果苷对高脂肪/高果糖饮食诱导大鼠代谢综合征的影响

目的：探讨芒果苷对高脂肪/高果糖饮食诱导大鼠代谢综合征（MS）的影响。方法：将60只大鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,阳性对照组,芒果苷高、中、低剂量组,每组各10只。每天饲喂17%脂肪/17%果糖饲料+20%果糖水,构建MS模型,造模8周。造模成功后阳性对照组灌胃二甲双胍50mg/kg,芒果苷高、中、低剂量组分别灌胃40、20、10mg/kg,正常组和模型组灌胃等体积0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠,连续给药8周。观察各组的体质量、内脏脂肪质量、脂体比及血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、空腹血糖、胰岛素水平、胰岛素抵抗指数（IRI）、脂肪细胞因子（脂联素、抵抗素）水平。结果：与模型组比较,芒果苷高、中、低剂量组的体质量、内脏脂肪质量、脂体比、血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、空腹血糖、胰岛素及抵抗素水平下降（P<0.01）,芒果苷高、中剂量组IRI降低（P<0.05）。结论：芒果苷通过调控糖脂代谢、脂肪细胞因子、脂肪堆积、胰岛素抵抗等途径干预大鼠MS的病理进程。     

Methods and procedures to determine the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles

This paper establishes techniques and methods to determine a variety of boundaries associated with 200 nautical miles beyond the continental shelf. The methods, based on topography, slope and second-deriv- ative profile integrated analysis, are now able to identify automatically the foot of the continental slope （FOS）. By analyzing the sedimentary profile, the points of 1% sediment thickness are recognized. Through the intersection, cut, deletion and mergence calculation of the extrapolated data set of fLxed-point series, the method succeeds in generating automatically the extrapolated boundaries, including the FOS＋60 M line, the 350 M line, and the 2500 m＋100 M line. In addition, based on the automatic analysis of the topographic profile, it can be applied to determine rapidly the points of maximum water depth. Taking the northern Okinawa Trough （OT） as an example, these methods are used to calculate and examine the boundaries in- cluded in the Submission by the People＇s Republic of China Concerning the Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf beyond 200 Nautical miles in Part of the East China Sea （ECS）; the boundaries thus derived have a solid scientific and rational basis.     

鲣鱼肝脏酶解物对高果糖大鼠的降压活性研究

研究鲣鱼肝脏酶解物对大鼠血压的影响,提高低值水产品加工副产物的利用价值。SD大鼠按体重和血压随机分为3组,每组7只。用高果糖饲料饲喂SD大鼠,建立高血压大鼠模型,实验组大鼠饲料中添加5%鲣鱼肝脏酶解物(KPLH),分别于第2周和第4周时测定清醒状态下大鼠尾动脉收缩压。喂食4周后腹主动脉采取全血,分离血清,试剂盒测定大鼠血脂、血糖、血清脂联素、瘦素和胰岛素浓度。KPLH摄食2周后大鼠血压较模型组降低9%(P<0.05),4周后KPLH摄食大鼠血压较模型组降低15%(P<0.05)。KPLH摄食显著提高血液中脂联素浓度(169%,P<0.01),胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)恢复至正常水平(P<0.01),大鼠胰岛素抵抗性得到明显改善。血清脂联素浓度与血压之间的相关性解析表明,KPLH引起的血压升高抑制作用与脂联素升高有显著的相关性。KPLH可改善大鼠胰岛素抵抗性,提高血液中脂联素浓度,具有抑制血压升高的作用。     

低聚古罗糖醛酸数均分子量测定方法的研究

分别采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS)比色法和高效凝胶渗透色谱法(HPGPC)测定了低聚古罗糖醛酸的数均分子量。结果表明:DNS比色法可直接测定低聚古罗糖醛酸的数均分子量,以麦芽糖和古罗糖醛酸标准三糖分别作为标准品,其测定结果相近,该方法准确度高,重复性好;HPGPC法简便易行,可通过测定低聚古罗糖醛酸的重均分子量(Mw)和分子量分布宽度D间接计算数均分子量,该法测定结果与前者结果相比有较大差别,可能与2种方法使用的标准品不同有关。     

纤维素酶-过氧化氢降解法制备低聚壳聚糖的研究

利用纤维素酶-H2O2降解法制备低分子量壳聚糖，分别研究了pH值、温度、酶浓度、H2O2加入量及反应时间等因素对产品的收率及平均分子量的影响。结果 表明最佳反应条件为：pH为5．6、酶／糖为0．1、反应温度为54℃、反应时间为6h。在反应结束前0.5h加入一定量H2O2进行氧化降解可以得到平均分子量为1500的低聚壳聚糖。而且由于H2O2的作用产物的颜色较浅。     

干旱胁迫下牛心朴子的渗透调节机制研究

为探讨荒漠植物牛心朴子(Cynanchum komarovii)响应干旱胁迫的渗透调节机制,采用不同浓度（0~25%）的聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）对愈伤组织进行模拟干旱胁迫,检测了不同程度干旱胁迫下牛心朴子中渗透调节物质K+、Na+、脯氨酸、甜菜碱和可溶性糖（果糖、蔗糖和海藻糖）的含量。结果显示,与对照组相比,处理组牛心朴子的脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量显著升高（P<0.05）,且具有浓度和时间依赖效应。在可溶性糖中,果糖和蔗糖只在高浓度处理组有所增加,而海藻糖含量在所有处理组均明显升高（P<0.05）,且增幅较大（10%PEG浓度组为31%,25%PEG浓度组为98%）,同时海藻糖含量与PEG处理浓度的相关系数最大（R2=0.9437,P<0.01）。以上研究结果表明,海藻糖是牛心朴子响应干旱胁迫主要的渗透调节物质。