Hydrologic,geomorphic and climatic processes controlling willow establishment in a montane ecosystem

Willow communities dominate mid‐elevation riparian areas throughout the Rocky Mountains of North America. However, many willow stands are rapidly declining in aerial cover and individual plants in stature. A poor understanding of the processes that control willow establishment hinders identifying the causes of this decline. We analysed the processes that have facilitated or limited willow establishment over the last half of the 20th century on two large floodplains in Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado by addressing two questions: (1) How does hydrologic regime control willow establishment on different fluvial landforms? (2) How might climate‐driven variations in hydrologic regime affect future willow establishment? We precisely aged willows on the three most common fluvial landforms, stream point bars, drained beaver ponds, and abandoned channels, and statistically related establishment dates to patterns of annual stream peak flow. The role of peak flow on willow establishment varied significantly by landform. Willow recruitment had occurred nearly every year on point bars. In former beaver complexes, most willows had established following dam breaches, whereas willows had established on abandoned channels for several years following channel avulsion. Establishment on point bars and abandoned channels was driven by peak flows of 2‐ to 5‐year return intervals, whereas in abandoned beaver ponds most establishment was associated with flow events of >5‐year return interval. Models of climate change suggest that temperatures will increase and precipitation seasonality will shift over the coming decades in the Rocky Mountains, leading to earlier spring runoff, lower summer and fall flows, decreased snowpack and decreased soil moisture. Such changes are likely to diminish opportunities for willow establishment. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

和田地区红柳大芸冻害调查研究

2008年年初的低温、连阴降雪、冰冻天气使和田地区各县(市)的红柳大芸受到不同程度的冻害。通过对和田地区红柳大芸冻害情况进行调查分析,提出科学的接种深度和灌溉管理以及应采取的防护措施。     

内蒙古6种沙生柳树叶片解剖结构的抗旱性分析

利用常规石蜡切片、光学显微镜观察的方法,对内蒙古地区6种沙生柳树叶片的解剖结构进行比较分析。结果表明,6种柳树的叶片结构具有相似性,均为全栅型的等面叶,表皮均具有角质层,主脉为双韧维管束,栅栏组织发达,5～6层。差异表现在角质层和表皮厚度、主脉和叶片厚度、栅栏组织的厚度等方面。应用SAS和SPSS软件进行分析,根据几种柳树叶片的结构特征,得出抗旱性大小顺序依次为：黄柳、砂杞柳、沙柳、乌柳、筐柳、小红柳。     

荒漠地区红柳大芸人工接种试验研究

通过2007-2008年对荒漠地区红柳大芸人工接种试验研究,为红柳大芸人工栽培提供理论依据和技术措施。在不同起源红柳林中,使用不同质量的大芸种子,采用不同接种深度和距离、不同接种方法、不同接种时间、不同的土壤、不同的定植模式、不同接种穴数等进行人工接种成功率对比试验。采用株行距1m×3m或1m×1m×3m的宽窄行造林模式、3月中旬至5月中旬用后期接种法接种、用纯度〉70％大芸种子、接种深度和水平距离为60cm和40cm成功率最高。     

栽种柳树修复镉污染土壤的研究

针对苏南地区土壤重金属污染现状,选取苏柳795、172两个品种柳树对苏锡常地区典型镉污染土壤进行植物修复去除重金属试验的盆栽和野外研究。盆栽试验结果显示,苏柳795一年可使污染土壤中Cd的质量分数平均降低16.3%,苏柳172一年使污染土壤中Cd的质量分数平均下降17.2%,柳树中各部分吸收土壤Cd的能力排序为：树根＞树皮＞树叶＞树枝＞树木。野外栽种苏柳795、苏柳172一年后的结果显示,种植柳树的土壤Cd含量较未种植柳树的空白土壤低约12%,其中柳树叶中Cd的生物富集系数BCF值高达10以上,比盆栽试验得到的柳树叶吸收土壤Cd的BCF值高出1倍以上。综合分析与测算后认为栽种苏柳795、苏柳172每年可提取土壤中Cd的总量大于12%,同时还能提取一定量的Zn,对原位修复我国南方农田土壤的镉污染具有广阔的应用前景