Characterisation of carbonate minerals from hyperspectral TIR scanning using features at 14 000 and 11 300 nm

Rapid characterisation of carbonate phases in hyperspectral reflectance spectra acquired from drill core material has important implications for mineral exploration and resource modelling. Major infrared active features of carbonates lie in the thermal region around 6500 nm, 11 300 nm and 14 000 nm, with the latter two features being most useful for differentiating mineral species. A scatter diagram of the wavelength of the 14 000 nm feature vs that of the 11 300 nm feature, powerfully differentiates carbonates. Although the wavelength of the 11 300 nm peak is easily measured, the 14 000 nm trough and peak are commonly weak and their wavelengths can confidently be used only after filtering the spectra, e.g. selecting only those with the trough and peak separated by 175–230 nm, typical of common carbonates. The method is demonstrated with drillhole 120R from the Rosebery polymetallic VHMS deposit in western Tasmania, which has been scanned with the HyLogger-3 system. A 14 000–11 300 plot shows a high degree of clustering of the drillhole 120R data close to the library spectra of calcite, dolomite, Fe-dolomite, ankerite, kutnohorite, rhodochrosite, Fe-rhodochrosite and siderite. The interpreted compositions of the carbonate spectral populations strongly correlate with the chemical populations of 144 analysed carbonates and provide a highly resolved spatial framework for interpreting carbonate alteration.     

浙东火山岩型银矿成矿条件及勘查方法

本区火山岩型银矿赋存于上侏罗—下白垩统陆相火山岩中;由于中生代太平洋板块向西俯冲.大陆边缘火山岩浆活动强烈.嵊县—黄岩地区由于断裂为造、火山岩发育而形成南北向的矿化集中区.成矿与火山岩浆活动晚期的潜火山岩、脉岩有关.属于浅成中低温热液矿床.根据矿床围岩蚀变、矿化类型及成晕元素的分带规律,可指导找矿及预测隐伏矿床.并初步建立了勘查模式.总结了成矿预测、综合找矿、详细评价三个层次的勘查方法.     

与火山岩容矿有关的海底热水沉积矿床硫同位素地球化学证据

对国内与火山岩容矿有关的海底热水沉积矿床新疆阿巴宫、铁-铅锌矿、甘肃桦树沟铁-铜矿床、新疆阿舍勒铜锌矿、新疆阿尔泰可可塔勒铅锌矿等矿床硫化物进行硫同位素测定,这些矿床硫化物和硫酸盐的硫同位素组成分别为-4.3‰~1‰(阿巴宫)、+8.1‰~+33.4‰(桦树沟)、-3.3‰~+8.2‰(阿舍勒矿床硫化物)、-20.6‰~5.1‰(阿尔泰可可塔勒)。硫化物的硫同位素变化范围较小,硫同位素可以达到平衡,也可以没有达到平衡,获得的δ34SΣS值有+18‰~29‰之间,δ34SΣS值高;表明与火山岩控矿有关的海底热水沉积矿床热液中硫的来源,不是直接来源岩浆去气的硫,而是岩浆去气硫与海水硫酸盐硫混合而成的硫。     

Quaternary chronology of Goulburn Valley sediments and their correlation in Southeastern Australia

Radiocarbon dates from the Goulburn Valley, Victoria, throw new light on the age of Quaternary tectonics, ancestral streams, fluviatile sediments and associated soils.

Sand dunes were formed during glacial times from ancestral rivers in which discharges were higher than at present. Tectonic movement occurred on the Cadell Fault between 13,000 and 20,000 B.P.

Stratigraphic correlation between the various units currently in use on the Riverine Plain is sometimes ambiguous, whereas wider correlation based on ground‐surface similarities in the valleys of the Goulburn, Maribyrnong and Shoalhaven rivers is invalid.

The sediments dated provide limiting ages for the red‐brown earth and minimal prairie soils developed on them in this area.     

新疆西天山智博铁矿床火山岩和侵入岩岩石地球化学

新疆西天山阿吾拉勒山集中产出多个大、中型海相火山岩型富铁矿床,引起人们的广泛关注。这些铁矿的成因被认为与火山作用有关,但对其成岩成矿的大地构造背景尚不清楚。文章研究了智博铁矿区出露的火山岩和侵入岩的岩石学、岩石地球化学,尝试探讨该问题。智博铁矿体赋矿围岩为早石炭世大哈拉军山组玄武岩和安山岩,侵入岩有晚石炭世花岗岩、花岗岩脉和闪长岩脉。玄武岩和安山岩在构造环境判别图解中投影于火山弧范围内,在花岗岩类构造环境判别图解中,320 Ma的花岗岩脉和319 Ma的石英闪长岩投影于岛弧环境,304 Ma的花岗闪长岩则投影于同碰撞环境。结合前人研究成果,认为智博地区在早石炭世为岛弧环境,晚石炭世可能经历了岛弧俯冲向同碰撞环境的转变。玄武岩亏损Ta、Nb,相对亏损Th,富集Rb、U、Pb;安山岩亏损Ta、Nb,富集轻稀土元素和Rb、U、Th、Pb,结合Sr/Th-Th/Ce和Th-Ba/Th图解判别,推测智博铁矿床玄武岩和安山岩岩浆源区为受到了俯冲带流体交代的楔形地幔。     

云南大平掌铜多金属矿床硫、铅、氢、氧同位素地球化学

对云南大平掌铜多金属火山岩型块状硫化物矿床的矿石矿物和火山岩围岩的Ｓ、Ｐｂ同位素及脉石矿物、硅 化岩、硅质岩等的Ｈ、Ｏ同位素地球化学特征进行了研究,认为矿床中大多数硫来源于热液对火山岩的淋滤,或直接 来源于火山喷气作用;矿石铅与火山岩铅属同一来源,且以富放射性成因铅为特征;成矿流体可能主要来源于深循环的海水与岩浆水的混合流体,而大气降水参与的可能性很小。     

Geochemical dispersion about the Western Tharsis Cu–Au deposit, Mt Lyell, Tasmania

The Western Tharsis disseminated Cu–Au orebody, which occurs within the Cambrian Mt Read Volcanics of Western Tasmania, is surrounded by a pyritic halo that extends 100–200 m stratigraphically above and below the ore zone. Although this halo extends laterally along the same stratigraphic position to the south, it probably closes off to the north based on limited surface and drill hole data. The ore zone is characterized by extreme enrichment (the enrichments and depletions referred to herein are relative to background; these have not been established using mass balance techniques) in As, Bi, Ce, Cu, Mo, Ni, S and Se; with the exception of Mo, these elements are also enriched, but at a much lower level, in the pyrite halo.Pronounced depletion in K, Cs and Mg occurs in 20–30 m wide stratiform zones that flank the orebody on both sides within the pyritic halo. These anomalies and depletions in Be, Ga, Rb, Y, MREE and HREE are associated with a pyrophyllite-bearing alteration zone that wraps around the main pyrite–chalcopyrite-bearing ore zone. This zone is also characterized by positive Eu anomalies which persist up to 150 m both into the hanging wall and footwall of the orebody. The depletion of these elements is consistent with the advanced argillic alteration assemblage developed about acid-sulfate Cu–Au deposits.The pyrite halo is surrounded by a peripheral carbonate halo which is highly enriched in C, CaO and MnO, and weakly enriched in Zn and Tl. Zinc and Tl are most enriched in the upper 100–150 m of the stratigraphically lower halo. In the stratigraphically upper halo, Zn and Tl values are anomalously high but erratic.Barium and Sr enrichment, although mainly restricted to the pyrite halo, extends into the stratigraphically lower carbonate halo by up to 100 m. A Na depletion anomaly extends from 150 m below the orebody and to at least the Owen contact (i.e. ≥400 m)in the hanging wall.The dispersion patterns observed at Western Tharsis are quite unlike those of Zn–Pb-rich volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) deposits in western Tasmania. Rather, the dispersion patterns observed at Western Tharsis are more akin to those surrounding porphyry Cu deposits and related acid-sulfate Cu–Au deposits.     

新疆智博铁矿火山岩中富铁岩屑地球化学特征及其地质意义

研究表明,西天山阿吾拉勒铁铜成矿带中智博铁矿区火山碎屑岩中的富铁岩屑主要由自形针状/板条状钠长石和富铁基质组成,呈辉绿/斑状结构。电子探针分析显示,富铁岩屑中钠长石端员组分变化范围为An=0.38～2.89,Ab=95.2～99.32,Or=0.17～2.79,端员组分平均值为An_(0.94)Ab_(98.01)Or_(1.06),类似于火山岩中钠长石端员组分变化范围(An=0.74～6.75,Ab=92.85～98.91,Or=0.32～1.76,端员组分平均值为An_(2.63)Ab_(96.65)Or_(0.72)),两者均为岩浆成因钠长石,而非热液交代成因钠长石。富铁基质成分变化范围较大且连续(w(SiO_2)为0.08%～50.04%,w(FeO)为24.89%～87.13%,w(Al_2O_3)为0.04%～14.83%,w(TiO_2)为0.01%～2.83%,w(Na_2O)为0～9.76%,w(MgO)为0.03%～4.88%,w(MnO)为0～0.61%),富铁基质中高Ti磁铁矿和低Ti磁铁矿同时发育,总体上成分不均一,且钠长石呈细针状,为浅成-超浅成低压下快速结晶的产物或为火山喷发作用下快速冷凝结晶所致。通过对磁铁矿-磷灰石矿物组合与安山岩中副矿物磷灰石、矿区磁铁矿的对比研究,认为智博铁矿发生磁铁矿-磷灰石岩浆不混溶作用的可能性很小。通过安山岩基质成分与安山岩成分的对比研究,得出安山岩基质比原岩w(SiO_2)、w(Al_2O_3)、w(CaO)有所降低,w(FeO)、w(Na_2O)、w(MgO)有一定升高,但是程度有限,表明岩浆结晶分异不足以使残留岩浆形成富铁矿。钠长石-磁铁矿富铁岩屑的发育是一种碱铁效应的表现,而碱铁效应对于海相火山岩型铁矿的形成具有重要意义。