碘－钒盐催化下合成的四溴邻苯二甲酸酐

报道一种新的有效催化剂－碘－钒盐和在一定条件下合成四溴邻苯二甲酸酐的方法。探讨催化剂的组成配比、用量、温度及废酸循环使用等因素对合成方法的影响。该催化剂的催化效果和常用的碘、碘－铁催化剂相同，适用于四溴邻苯二甲酸酐的合成。     

Rock Magnetic Investigation of Historical Lavas Used in Palaeointensity Studies

Five samples from historical lava flows on Mt. Etna, which had previously been used in a palaeointensity study, were examined using a combination of rock magnetic and microscopic techniques to elucidate the causes of failure of palaeointensity determination. The samples were characterised using a combination of low-temperature susceptibility (LT-), Bitter pattern imaging and scanning electron microscope (SEM). High-temperature susceptibility curves and hysteresis loops had been previously measured by Calvo et al. (2001). Of the five samples only one gave an accurate palaeointensity. This sample was deuterically oxidised and consisted of large exsolved ore grains. It was only possible to distinguish this sample either optically or magnetically from a similar sample by the LT- warming curves; the unsuccessful sample displayed alteration in the LT- warming curves, which was not readily observed in the high temperature susceptibility curves. It is proposed that the measurement of LT- curves before and after heating could be a more sensitive method of determining suitability for palaeointensity determination than previous rock magnetic pre-selection techniques.     

论氢化物迁移成矿机制──兼论钒钛磁铁矿成矿的化学模式

论述了氢化物的形成条件及其物理化学特性。探讨了岩浆中钛、铁、钒、磷元素的迁移富集机制。建立了钒钛磁铁矿成矿的化学模式。     

钛磁铁矿的制备及其异相Fenton反应催化性能

在水相中合成了钛磁铁矿（Fe3-xTixO4）,并用XRD、MSssbauer、TG-DSC和SEM等手段对合成的Fe3-xTixO4进行了表征。结果表明,合成的Fe3-xTixO4为立方晶系尖晶石结构,样品中的钛离子都已经进入其晶格中;钛掺杂有抑制钛磁铁矿进一步向钛磁赤铁矿转化和稳定尖晶石结构的作用。此外,以亚甲基蓝降解为探针反应,考察了钛磁铁矿异相Fenton反应的催化性能。实验表明,钛含量较高的钛磁铁矿是一种性能优越的异相Fenton反应催化剂。     

Opaque Mineralogy as a Tracer of Magmatic History of Volcanic Rocks:an Example from the Neogene-Quaternary Harrat Rahat Intercontinental Volcanic Field, North Western Saudi Arabia

The Neogene-Quaternary Harrat Rahat volcanic field is part of the major intercontinental Harrat fields in western Saudi Arabia.It comprises lava flows of olivine basalt and hawaiite,in addition to mugearite,benmorite,and trachyte that occur mainly as domes,tuff cones and lava flows.Based on opaque mineralogy and mineral chemistry,the Harrat Rahat volcanic varieties are distinguished into Group I(olivine basalt and hawaiite) and Group II(mugearite,benmorite and trachyte).The maximum forsterite content(~85) is encountered in zoned forsteritic olivine of Group I,whereas olivine of Group II is characterized by intermediate(Fo=50),fayalitic(Fo=25) and pure fayalite in the mugearite,benmorite and trachyte,respectively.The more evolved varieties of Group II contain minerals that show enrichment of Fe2+,Mn2+and Na+that indicates normal fractional crystallization.The common occurrence of coarse apatite with titanomagnetite in the benmorite indicates that P5+becomes saturated in this rock variety and drops again in trachyte.Cr-spinel is recorded in Group I varieties only and the Cr#(0.5) suggests lherzolite as a possible restite of the Harrat Rahat volcanics.The plots of Cr# vs.the forsterite content(Fo) suggest two distinct trends,which are typical of mixing of two basaltic magmas of different sources and different degrees of partial melting.The bimodality of Harrat Rahat Cr-spinel suggests possible derivation from recycled MORB slab in the mantle as indicated by the presence of high-Al spinel.It is believed that the subcontinental lithospheric mantle was modified by pervious subduction process and played the leading role in the genesis of the Harrat Rahat intraplate volcanics.The trachytes of the Harrat Rahat volcanic field were formed most probably by melting of a lower crust at the mantle-crust boundary.The increase in fO2 causes a decrease in Cr2 O3,and Al2 O3,and a strong increase in the proportion of Fe3+and Mg# of spinel crystallizing from the basaltic melt at T ~1200°C.The olivine-pyroxene and olivine-spinel geothermometers yielded equilibrium temperature in the range of 935-1025°C,whereas the range of <500-850°C from single-pyroxene thermometry indicates either post crystallization reequilibrium of the clinopyroxene,or the mineral is xenocrystic and re-equilibrated in a cooling basaltic magma.     

Eruption episodes and magma recharge events in andesitic systems: Mt Taranaki,New Zealand

Eruption episodes, where a series of eruption events are generically related, can include the eruption of a wide spectrum of volcanic activity over decadal periods. This paper concentrates on the opening phases of an eruption episode which occurred approximately 1800 yrs BP from Mt Taranaki, New Zealand. These events spanned the eruption of differing bulk compositions and styles from two distinct vent locations; an andesitic sub-plinian eruption from the summit vent and a scoria cone-building eruption of basaltic magma from a satellite vent. Compositional profiles and zoning textures of plagioclase, amphibole and clinopyroxene phenocrysts from the opening andesitic event show evidence of magma mixing and subsequent crystallisation just prior to the initiation of the eruption episode. Titanomagnetite grain morphology and Ti variation suggest that the magma mixing event occurred within a few days to weeks before the eruption acting as a trigger for it. We present a magmatic model which is constrained by the petrological observations and eruptions of the episode. In this model magma differentiation at depth causes its rise and recharging of a mid-crustal magma storage area at 5–7 km. Although the recharging magma differed slightly in oxygen fugacity and temperature, it was compositionally and physically similar enough to the residing andesitic magma to allow efficient mixing. The petrological characteristics described here can be readily observed and enable identification of mixing events in other recent eruption episodes.     

成矿元素富集机制的量子地球化学研究——以攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿矿床为例

攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿矿床为富集钒、钛、铁等过渡元素的典型岩浆矿床。文章运用量子地球化学的理论和方法研究该矿床的元素组合、分配及变化特征 ,并用量子力学理论的abini tioHartree Fock分子轨道法对钛磁铁矿和钛铁矿晶体结构进行了模拟计算。结果表明 :源于地幔的原始岩浆富集成矿元素 ;在其结晶过程中 ,V ,Ti,Fe等成矿元素再次富集于钛磁铁矿和钛铁矿中而形成矿床 ,这种再富集受晶体结构择位能控制。     

四川盐边县红格钒钛磁铁矿矿石矿物及化学成分分布特征

红格矿区是我国目前最大的钒钛磁铁矿资源基地,其矿产资源储量丰富,伴生钒、钪、镓、铬、钴、镍、铜、硫等有用元素,具有较高的经济价值。通过系统分析矿区有益元素的赋存状态及分布规律表明:矿石中各种元素的相对含量以及含量的波动幅度,与矿石TFe、岩性和岩石组合高度相关。     

Oceanic basalt continuous thermal demagnetization curves

The palaeomagnetic standard technique of stepwise thermal demagnetization (STD), long regarded as unreliable for oceanic basalts that have undergone low temperature alteration, has recently been applied in a number of studies to characterize the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) of such rocks. In order to better understand STD data of oceanic basalts, and to possibly identify the magnetominerals that are carrying the NRM, we have carried out a number of continuous and STD experiments on seven oceanic basalt samples. During continuous thermal demagnetization (CTD), a sample is heated to a certain temperature and its NRM is measured during heating and subsequent cooling. Even when CTD reveals only titanomaghemite unblocking at 400°C as the remanence carrier, STD behaviour can be very complex and unblocking is observed at temperatures of up to 500°C and higher. CTD also allowed to identify a partial or full self-reversal of NRM due to interaction between two types of magnetominerals in one sample. The higher degree of maghemitization of smaller titanomaghemite grains with respect to larger ones, which are less efficient in carrying the remanence, was seen for three samples by a shift of 80°C between the strong field thermomagnetic curve and the NRM measured at elevated temperature. In several cases, the identification of the NRM-carrying magnetomineral was not possible from CTD data due to the ambiguity of Curie temperatures in the titanomagnetite/titanomaghemite system.