High-pressure eclogites in northern Jiangsu – southern Shandong province, eastern China

Abstract Eclogites are distributed for more than 500 km along a major tectonic boundary between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons in central and eastern China. These eclogites usually have high-P assemblages including omphacite + kyanite and/or coesite (or its pseudomorph), and form a high-P eclogite terrane. They occur as isolated lenses or blocks 10 cm to 300 m long in gneisses (Type I), serpentinized garnet peridotites (Type II) and marbles (Type III). Type I eclogites were formed by prograde metamorphism, and their primary metamorphic mineral assemblage consists mainly of garnet [pyrope (Prp) = 15–40 mol%], omphacite [jadeite (Jd) = 34–64 mol%], pargasitic amphibole, kyanite, phengitic muscovite, zoisite, an SiO₂ phase, apatite, rutile and zircon. Type II eclogites characteristically contain no SiO₂ phase, and are divided into prograde eclogites and mantle-derived eclogites. The prograde eclogites of Type II are petrographically similar to Type I eclogites. The mantle-derived eclogites have high MgO/(FeO + Fe₂O₃) and Cr₂O₃ compositions in bulk rock and minerals, and consist mainly of pyrope-rich garnet (Prp = 48–60 mol%), sodic augite (Jd = 10–27 mol%) and rutile. Type III eclogites have an unusual mineral assemblage of grossular-rich (Grs = 57 mol%) garnet + omphacite (Jd = 30–34 mol%) + pargasite + rutile. Pargasitic and taramitic amphiboles, calcic plagioclase (An₆₈), epidote, zoisite, K-feldspar and paragonite occur as inclusions in garnet and omphacite in the prograde eclogites. This suggests that the prograde eclogites were formed by recrystallization of epidote amphibolite and/or amphibolite facies rocks with near-isothermal compression reflecting crustal thickening during continent–continent collision of late Proterozoic age. Equilibrium conditions of the prograde eclogites range from P > 26 kbar and T= 500–750°C in the western part to P > 28 kbar and T= 810–880°C in the eastern part of the high-P eclogite terrane. The prograde eclogites in the eastern part are considered to have been derived from a deeper position than those in the western part. Subsequent reactions, manifested by (1) narrow rims of sodic plagioclase or paragonite on kyanite and (2) symplectites between omphacite and quartz are interpreted as an effect of near-isothermal decompression during the retrograde stage. The conditions at which symplectites re-equilibrated tend to increase from west (P < 10 kbar and T < 580°C) to east (P > 9 kbar and T > 680°C). Equilibrium temperatures of Type II mantle-derived eclogites and Type III eclogite are 730–750°C and 680°C, respectively.     

Argo floats revealing bimodality of large-scale mid-depth circulation in the North Atlantic

Analysis of Argo float trajectories at 1 000 m and temperature at 950 m in the North Atlantic between November 2003 and January 2005 demonstrates the existence of two different circulation modes with fast transition between them. Each mode has a pair of cyclonic - anticyclonic gyres. The difference is the location of the cyclonic gyre. The cyclonic gyre stretches from southeast to northwest in the first mode and from the southwest to the northeast in the second mode. The observed modes strongly affect the heat and salt transport in the North Atlantic. In particular, the second mode slows down the westward transport of the warm and saline water from the Mediterranean Sea.     

Assessing the Influence of the ENSO on Tropical Cyclone Prevailing Tracks in the Western North Pacific

Using a statistical model for simulating tropical cyclone (TC) formation and a trajectory model for simulating TC tracks, the influence of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the peak-season (July-September) TC prevailing tracks in the western North Pacific basin is assessed based on 14 selected El Nino and 14 selected La Nina years during the period 1950-2007. It is found that the combination of statistical formation model and a trajectory model can simulate well the primary features of TC prevai...     

Metamorphic evolution of garnet-bearing ultramafic rocks from the Gongen area, Sanbagawa belt, Japan

Garnet‐bearing ultramafic rocks including clinopyroxenite, wehrlite and websterite locally crop out in the Higashi‐akaishi peridotite of the Besshi region in the Cretaceous Sanbagawa metamorphic belt. These rock types occur within dunite as lenses, boudins or layers with a thickness ranging from a few centimetres to 1 metre. The wide and systematic variation of bulk‐rock composition and the overall layered structure imply that the ultramafic complex originated as a cumulate sequence. Garnet and other major silicates contain rare inclusions of edenitic amphibole, chlorite and magnetite, implying equilibrium at relatively low P–T conditions during prograde metamorphism. Orthopyroxene coexisting with garnet shows bell‐shaped Al zoning with a continuous decrease of Al from the core towards the rim, consistent with rims recording peak metamorphic conditions. Estimated P–T conditions using core and rim compositions of orthopyroxene are 1.5–2.4 GPa/700–800 °C and 2.9–3.8 GPa/700–810 °C, respectively, implying a high P/T gradient (> 3.1 GPa/100 °C) during prograde metamorphism. The presence of relatively low P–T conditions at an early stage of metamorphism and the steep P/T gradient together trace a concave upwards P–T path that shows increasing P/T with higher T, similar to P–T paths reported from other UHP metamorphic terranes. These results suggest either (1) down dragging of hydrated mantle cumulate parallel to the slab–wedge interface in the subduction zone by mechanical coupling with the subducting slab or (2) ocean floor metamorphism and/or serpentinization at early stage of subduction of oceanic lithosphere and ensuing HP–UHP prograde metamorphism.     

锢囚气旋钩状云区暴雪过程的水汽源地及输送分析

利用常规高空、地面观测资料、FY-2E卫星云图和NCEP再分析场,分析了2013年11月25日发生在中国东北东部的暴雪天气过程,并用HYSPLIT模式模拟了暴雪区上空气块的轨迹。结果表明:卫星云图显示暴雪发生在锢囚气旋的钩状云区中,且具有中尺度特征。钩状云区不同代表点、不同层次25日08时120 h气块的后向轨迹计算结果表明,在每个代表点的6条轨迹中,只有1条轨迹来自新疆以西地区的对流层上层,其他5条轨迹均来自蒙古国或我国北方地区的对流层中低层。几乎每条轨迹对应的气块在东移或南移时先以水平运动为主,伴有弱的下沉;中低层气块在72～24 h经过渤海湾和日本海;而中上层气块则主要经过黄海或东海,到达降雪区前几小时气块移速快并有明显的上升运动。对钩状云区不同代表点1500和3000 m上空120 h后向轨迹中气块湿度分析表明,来自东亚大陆的气块水汽含量并不大、相对湿度也小于60%,但在经过渤海湾和日本海时,海气交换使得气块的含水量和相对湿度均呈增加的趋势;特别是气块途径日本海的时间和距离越长,水汽含量越多。因此暴雪区的水汽主要来自日本海,其次是渤海湾。在降雪发生前几小时,气块随偏南风或东南风快速北移,相对湿度接近饱和并伴有上升运动,从而引起降雪。     

GNSS-A直线测量模式及航迹组合优化分析

海底控制点的GNSS-A定位精度受到测量船相对于海底控制点的航迹影响,本文针对圆形测量模式垂向几何结构较弱的问题,给出了一种新的基于嵌套圆的直线测量模式的分析方法,研究了直线测量模式的参数可估性,并给出了直线测量模式得到唯一解的条件.同时,详细分析了圆形测量模式下要增加十字航迹的原因,推导出圆加十字测量模式下获得海底控制点最优三维点位精度的走航半径约为1.15倍水深.理论分析表明,在圆形测量模式下增加直线航迹能够有效增强其几何结构,提升定位效能.此外,针对是否存在唯一的最优航迹进行了思考,并给出了相应的见解.最后,利用深海实测数据验证了理论推导的结果,圆加十字测量模式较圆形测量模式对海底控制点定位的精度提升可达1.4 cm.

     

新疆西部一次大暴雨过程水汽输送轨迹模拟

在分析2016年7月28日—8月2日新疆西部罕见大暴雨过程环流形势和影响系统的基础上,利用基于拉格朗日方法的轨迹模式HYSPLIT,应用GDAS资料,模拟计算了大暴雨期间不同区域不同高度的水汽输送轨迹、主要通道及不同源地的水汽贡献。结果表明:(1)200 h Pa高空偏西急流、700 h Pa和850 h Pa低空偏东急流及辐合线和500 h Pa稳定"两脊一槽"环流是大暴雨产生的天气背景;(2)大暴雨过程中阿克苏地区北部、伊犁河谷地区和博州地区东部1500、3000和5000 m水汽输送轨迹、主要通道及不同源地的水汽贡献存在差异,其中,阿克苏地区北部1500、3000、5000 m水汽分别主要来自中亚地区、中亚地区、地中海北部,水汽贡献分别占该高度水汽的38%、46%、48%;伊犁河谷地区1500、3000、5000 m水汽分别主要来自哈萨克斯坦、哈萨克斯坦、黑海南部,水汽贡献分别占该高度水汽的100%、50%、68%;博州地区东部1500、3000、5000 m水汽分别主要来自西西伯利亚、中亚地区、东欧,水汽贡献分别占该高度水汽的58%、54%、82%。水汽在输送过程中高度多变,以偏东和偏南路径为主输送到大暴雨区上空;(3)欧洲大陆、西西伯利亚、中亚地区等陆地及黑海、里海等海洋是此次大暴雨水汽主要来源。南疆低层偏东风和辐合线在水汽的聚集及向上输送中发挥了重要作用,高空急流产生的次级环流的下沉气流在将高空水汽向下输送中扮演了重要角色。     

基于自发地理信息的人行道路信息提取

人类的行为轨迹可快速提取到车辆难以通行的人行道路以及人行道路设施等信息,这些信息是行人LBS的关键性元素,它的完备性程度决定了行人LBS服务质量的高低。本文使用志愿者数据集与百度地图,研究了一整套基于VGI数据的人行道路信息提取方法。通过轨迹数据清洗、道路几何路网提取、人行道路设施的检测与识别3个主要板块实现了人行道路信息的提取。算法在完成道路几何路网信息提取的同时,实现了人行横道、过街天桥、地下通道等道路设施信息的获取。     

卫星跟踪经纬仪的旋转建模及转向自决策算法研究

在对卫星跟踪经纬仪转动轨迹建模基础上,提出一种基于预报轨迹及历史轨迹的经纬仪转向自决策算法。此算法具有事先规划经纬仪旋转轨迹的特点,从而在保护硬件设备的同时避免了卫星跟踪经纬仪目前普遍采用的“断电制动/限位反转”策略所引起的观测弧段的损失。该算法可以应用于其他类似的依赖于卫星预报的卫星跟踪经纬仪。     

顾及出租车OD点分布密度的空间Voronoi剖分算法及OD流可视化分析

为对城市各区域出租车OD轨迹流进行可视化分析,需对城市作空间剖分处理,以产生研究所需的子区域。传统的欧氏距离空间剖分方法,在空间上进行硬性切割不能有效地顾及城市人、物的时空流动模式,因此,本文提出了一种空间约束条件下,顾及出租车OD点分布密度的网络Voronoi剖分方法。首先,将道路网的边细分成线性单元,然后,设定空间约束以产生合适的发生元,让各发生元在路网上以线性单元为单位扩散步长,以不同的速度向周围联通道路进行扩散,最终将城市空间划分成一系列与出租车OD点分布密度相适应的空间子区域。利用OD流可视化理论与技术,基于划分的城市子区域分析出租车在这些区域的时空流动,并结合图论知识探究城市空间OD流拓扑图结构的变化,分析不同划分区域出租车流动模式。最后,通过北京地区一天的出租车轨迹数据,对本文提出的算法及分析方法进行了实验。