中国甘肃发现世界上最大牙齿的植食性恐龙:巨齿兰州龙(新属、新种)

巨齿兰州龙（新属、新种）是发现于中国甘肃省兰州盆地早白垩世地层中的一新鸟脚类恐龙，其牙齿是世界上已知植食性恐龙中最大的。兰州龙下颌长1m，每侧有14个齿槽，而单个牙齿宽约4cm，这是已知恐龙中的首次报道。分支系统学分析发现巨齿兰州龙与非洲早白垩世Lurdusaurus arenatus关系密切。它们代表了鸟脚类恐龙进化中四足行走的笨重的一新支。兰州龙的发现也表明欧亚大陆与非洲在早白垩世具有较密切的联系。     

仿生高效切削齿试验研究

在仿生高效耐磨理论的指导下,以鼹鼠爪趾为仿生原型,引入了其经长期进化而具有的高效、耐磨的特性。选用CVD多晶金刚石为切削齿的切削单元,采用真空热压烧结工艺制备仿生高效切削齿,并将其与常规PDC齿、仿生PDC齿的耐磨性和切削效率进行对比试验,结果显示：仿生高效切削齿的耐磨性较常规PDC齿提高23%;切削效率较常规PDC齿提高1.49倍,较仿生PDC齿提高48%。初步证明了仿生高效切削齿工艺的可行性,为下一步高效切削钻头的研究奠定了坚实的基础。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

滚刀钻头在桩基施工中的应用

焊齿破岩滚刀钻头适应多种地层钻进。本文主要介绍了焊齿破岩滚刀钻头的钻进工作原理，在桩基施工中的钻进技术参数，滚刀刀齿的修复及应用效果。     

基于壳板和齿舌形态对中国沿岸几种常见多板纲软体动物的分类研究

多板纲软体动物统称石鳖,是软体动物门较为低等的一个类群,在软体动物的系统进化中占有重要的地位。但有关我国沿海多板纲软体动物的调查研究十分欠缺,而且对中国沿海多板纲的分布状况和区系特点尚不明确,并存在着一些鉴定错误和分类混乱现象。本研究利用10%Na OH溶液处理齿舌部获取齿舌带和壳板的方法,通过扫描电镜和显微镜观察拍照,对我国沿岸常见多板纲软体动物中5科7属13种的齿舌和壳板形态结构进行了描述,并进行了比较研究。     

The challenge of dating early pleistocene fossil teeth by the combined uranium series–electron spin resonance method: the Venta Micena palaeontological site (Orce,Spain)

The palaeontological site of Venta Micena (Orce, Andalusia, Spain) lies in the eastern sector of the Guadix–Baza basin, one of the best documented areas in Europe for Plio‐Pleistocene biostratigraphy. The combination of biochronological and palaeomagnetic results, combined with the radiometric data obtained for Atapuerca Sima del Elefante, indicated that the Venta Micena stratum was formed between the Jaramillo and Olduvai palaeomagnetic events, most likely between 1.22 and 1.77 Ma. Five fossil teeth from two outcrops (sites A and B) were selected to assess the potential of combined uranium series–electron spin resonance (US‐ESR) dating of Early Pleistocene sites. Although the US‐ESR results of the first outcrop showed a large scatter between the three teeth, the mean age of 1.37 ± 0.24 Ma can be considered a reasonable age estimate for Venta Micena. The mean ESR age of 0.62 ± 0.03 Ma obtained for site B seems to be a severe underestimation when compared with the independent age control. This underestimation is attributed to a relative recent U‐mobilization event that led to some U‐leaching. The results show that any ESR age calculations of old samples are extremely sensitive to variations in the measured ²³⁰Th/²³⁴U ratios in dental tissues. Although the results demonstrate that ESR can in principle be applied to Early Pleistocene sites, they also reveal the complexity of dating such old teeth. It is necessary to continue research in several directions, such as study of the behaviour of ESR signals in old teeth and understanding recent U‐mobilization processes, to improve the reliability of the combined US‐ESR dating method applied to Early Pleistocene times, a period for which the number of available numerical dating techniques is very limited. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

提高连续墙抓斗入岩效率若干问题的探讨

越来越多的连续墙工程提出了入岩要求,而现阶段广泛使用的连续墙抓斗入岩效率低下,针对这种状况,以抓斗抓取地层的特点为出发点,对其现阶段在岩石地层抓取效率低下的原因进行分析,然后以岩石破碎学为理论支撑,从抓斗自重、油缸闭合力、斗齿布置规格以及抓取方式等方面着手,提出了若干可用于提高抓斗入岩效率的改进建议。     

PDC钻头切削齿布齿设计的新思路

切削齿布齿设计是PDC钻头设计的关键。为提高PDC钻头的钻进效率,综合考虑PDC钻头切削齿的设计特点和切削先后顺序等因素,并且通过对PDC钻头单切削齿实验结果进行分析,提出了以冠部轮廓法线为基准的切削齿布齿设计方法。     

APPEARANCE PATTERN OF TOOTH GERMS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS IN MYLOPHARYNGODON PICEUS

The pharyngeal dental formula of Mylopharyngodon piceus is 4-5 as a rule, and the dentition isasymmetrical. It is difficult to identify each tooth in the larval dentition. In this paper the appearancepattem of tooth germ with developmental process in this fish is described in detail. The formationpattern of the left dentition is contrasted with that of the right one. In the developmental process,the left pharyngeal dentition lacks teeth at position An3. Thus the left dentition is D-type as designatedby Nakajima(1984), while the right one is A-type.     

Petrographic observations suggestive of microbial mats from Rampur Shale and Bijaigarh Shale, Vindhyan basin, India

Petrographic observations of two Vindhyan black shales (Rampur Shale of the Semri Group and Bijaigarh Shale of the Kaimur Group) revealed the following features: