南海尖峰海山多金属结壳地球化学

南海尖峰海山多金属结壳富含30多种元素,其锰铁矿物主要由钡镁锰矿,δ-MnO_2和FeOOH·xH_2O组成。与其它海区的结壳相比,尖峰海山结壳富含Cu、Ni、Ba、Zn、Pb等元素,而Co、Ti、稀土元素(REE)、Sr等元素相对较贫。研究表明,HREE亏损,具明显的Ce正异常,较明显的Tb正异常和Yb负异常。这是氧化弱碱性海洋环境所致。结壳是水成作用的产物,它的形成受南海独特的古海洋环境所控制,海底火山热液作用,可能也是影响因素之一。     

东海钙质生物骨屑的矿物学特征

通过电镜、电子探针和X射线等项分析,对东海沉积物中的有孔虫、腹足类、双壳类、苔藓、珊瑚、海胆等骨屑进行了矿物学研究,确定了矿物成分与生物属种的关系,并基于有孔虫壳体化学成分将壳体分为均质壳和异质壳,生物碳酸盐中镁主要富集在方解石及镁方解石中,锶在方解石和镁方解石中的分配系数(D)相似,为0.11—0.14;在文石质骨屑中D=1.09-1.20。碳氧同位素组成与生物属种有明显关系。据一些有孔虫壳体氧同位素偏差值计算的水温来看,本次测定的有孔虫属种的骨屑不能作为理想的骨屑温度计。     

河南石板沟金矿矿床地质特征及成因探讨

在总结石板沟金矿床矿化地质特征的基础上,通过对矿石氢氧同位素测试和矿石微量元素相关分析,认为成矿热液主要来源于变质水,矿床成矿环境应属低温环境,矿床成因类型属受构造剪切带控制的低温变质热液蚀变型金矿床。     

Palaeoclimatic studies in South Shetland Islands,Antarctica, based on numerous stratigraphic variables in lake sediments

The hitherto longest found lake sediment sequence on Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, was analysed with respect to lithology, chronology, diatoms, Pediastrum, pollen and spores, mosses, mineralogy, and sediment chemistry. During the ca. 5000 year long development the sediments were influenced by frequent tephra fall-outs. This volcanic impact played a major role in the lake's history during two periods, 4700–4600 and 2800–2500 BP, but was of importance during the lake's entire history with considerable influence on many of the palaeoenvironmentally significant indicators. The large and complex data set was analysed and zonated with different types of multivariate analysis. This resulted in a subdivision of the sequence into 8 time periods and 21 variables. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of this data set, both without and with the tephra periods, and with 4–6 of the variables as explanatory environmental variables, reveal that climatic/environmental signals are detectable. The palaeoclimatic picture that emerged out of the tephra noise suggests that the first 100 years were characterized by mild, humid conditions. This was followed by a less mild and humid climate until ca. 4000 BP when a gradual warming seems to have started, coupled with increased humidity. These mild and humid conditions seem to have reached an optimum slightly after 3000 BP. At ca. 2500 BP a distinct climatic deterioration occurred with colder and drier conditions and long seasons with ice cover. This arid, cold phase probably reached its optimum conditions at ca. 1500 BP, when slightly warmer conditions might have prevailed for a while. Except for the modern sample with rather mild climate, the last 1400 years seem to have been fairly arid and cold, and the effects of the frequent volcanic activity during this period is only vaguely seen in the records.     

我国传压介质材料--叶蜡石矿物的基本特征

通过赵家台叶蜡石各种特征的研究，发现我国使用的传压介质材料不是纯的叶蜡石矿物，化学成分具有SiO2低、Al2O3高的特点；叶蜡石矿物与杂质矿物热膨胀系数绝缘程度应相近，并呈交织结构。     

新疆可可托海绿柱石猫眼矿物学特征及其开发探讨

在绿柱石的各个品种当中，绿柱石猫眼是比较独特的一个品种，经济价值较高。其内部因含有大量的定向排列的气液包体，所以在定向切割的弧面宝石中会出现猫眼效应。新疆阿尔泰可可托海地区产出大量的淡黄色、淡绿色、淡蓝色绿柱石猫眼。通过化学全分析、显微硬度仪、X光粉晶衍射、红外光谱、拉曼光谱对该地绿柱石猫眼的物理性质、化学成分、物质的结构、绿柱石分子中的结构水、内部包体的赋存状态、气液包体的化学成分进行了详细的研究和分析。同时计算出了晶体化学式、晶胞参数。为该地区绿柱石猫眼的研究和开发提供了较为系统和详细的资料。通过对其内部结构的认识，进行了改色和优化试验，获得了该绿柱石的宝石改善的新品种。     

陕西渭北煤田5#煤层粘土岩夹矸的研究

渭北煤田面积约１０万ｋｍ２。分布于太原组顶部５＃煤层中的粘土岩夹矸，上部层位分为两上分层，上分层夹矸厚度薄，下分层夹矸厚约０２ｍ，俗称“２００矸”；下部层位夹矸厚度变化较大。该文详细论述了粘土岩夹矸的岩矿特征。根据“２００矸”中含有副象β－石英、高透长石、锆石、磁铁矿等高温矿物组合，特有的粒序层理和岩性在全煤田十分稳定等特点，表明其原始物质来源于降落火山灰。根据ＴｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３比值的明显变化，探讨了陆源组分的加入对火山灰蚀变粘土岩夹矸化学成分的影响。以“２００矸”为等时标志层，解决了５＃煤层在区域上的对比。     

新疆阿尔泰绿柱石的矿物学特征

新疆阿尔泰绿柱石的矿物学特征＊王元龙（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）易爽庭（新疆地质矿产局测试中心，乌鲁木齐８３００００）关键词绿柱石矿物学成因类型新疆阿尔泰绿柱石是新疆阿尔泰地区重要矿产资源，它不仅是铍的主要载体，而且是海蓝宝石的母体...     

雷州半岛英峰岭剖面多期红土矿物学特征初步研究

雷州半岛英峰岭剖面多期红土矿物学特征初步研究＊文国高文启忠朱照宇徐义芳（中国科学院广州地球化学研究所，广州５１０６４０）关键词多期红土矿物学红土化雷州半岛我国南方热带－亚热带广泛发育的红土（包括红色风化壳和红色古土壤），记录了形成过程环境变迁的重要信...