青岛港风暴潮经验统计预报

本文利用青岛港多年实测资料,分析了该港风暴潮概况。而后通过多元回归技术,求取了该港极值增减水的预报公式。经非独立和独立检验,结果令人满意。     

舟山港台风风暴潮的分析及预报

利用 1 956～ 2 0 0 0年舟山市定海验潮站潮位观测资料 ,对历年影响舟山的台风风暴潮灾进行了全面的统计分析。将台风按路径分型 ,分析了不同路径台风风暴潮的特点 ,并用基于PRESS准则的逐步回归方法 ,建立了不同路径风暴潮的预报模型。     

三峡库区龙门寨危岩体崩塌产生涌浪研究

长江两岸高耸的危岩体对航道、沿岸居民带来巨大安全隐患。大宁河属于长江一级支流,龙门寨危岩体位于大宁河上,距离巫山县城仅1 km。利用FLOW-3D软件,模拟了145 m、175 m两种水位工况下龙门寨危岩体崩塌产生涌浪过程和涌浪传播过程。模拟结果表明,涌浪在145 m水位工况下最大浪高约为17.9 m,175 m水位工况下最大浪高约为11.6 m;在巫山县的五个码头处,两种水位工况最大涌浪爬高分别约为10.9 m、3.8 m;根据涌浪高度,对大宁河进行危险分区,145 m水位工况下极高危险区长度约4.4 km,很高危险区长度约1.9 km;175 m水位工况下极高危险区长度约3.0 km,很高危险区长度约1.0 km。研究结果有助于防控龙门寨危岩体潜在涌浪灾害危害,保障大宁河航道和巫山县码头安全,同时也为三峡库区滑坡涌浪灾害提供了预警依据。     

2006年夏季福建近海台风风暴潮特征分析

根据2006年夏季福建沿岸4个海洋观测站和福建近海5个潜标水位观测站的水位观测资料,分析了在4个热带气旋影响下的福建近海风暴潮特征．结果表明：福建沿岸海域的台风风暴潮大小不完全取决于台风强弱,与大风半径关系密切．若台风大风区覆盖整个台湾海峡,福建沿岸海域增水都较大,比如0604号强热带风暴“碧利斯”的大风区较大,由其引起厦门海洋观测站的最大增水高度达114em．0608号超强台风“桑美”和0609号强热带风暴“宝霞”双台风的大风区都比较小,由其引起的各测站增水相对也较小,增水高度最大的厦门海洋观测站只有52em．比较福建近海潜标水位观测站及其附近的海洋观测站采用11点（11h）滑动平均后的最大增水可知,福建近海潜标观测站台风增水高度（22～46cm）比沿岸海洋观测站的台风增水高度（62—73em）小40％左右．这表明台风增水有个向岸堆积的过程,即测站离岸越远,台风增水高度就越小．位于热带气旋（0605号台风“格关”）行进路径右侧的测站增水较大（平潭海洋观测站极值增水高度为49em,崇武海洋观测站极值增水高度为55em）,位于热带风暴行进路径左侧的测站增水较小（东山海洋观测站极值增水高度为45cm）．通过对0604号强热带风暴“碧利斯”引起的各测站增水滤除高频振荡后,福建沿岸海洋观测站最大增水高度从大到小依次为崇武站（74orfl）、平潭站（73em）、厦门站（68om）、东山站（62cm）,可见距离热带风暴中心越近（距离热带风暴中心从近到远依次为平潭、崇武、厦门、东山海洋观测站）,增水高度越大,反之,增水高度越小．台湾海峡地形和福建沿岸海域地形容易出现双（多）增水峰现象．通过对各测站台风增水时间序列进行最大熵谱分析可知,热带气旋容易引起福建沿岸和近海各测站台风增水出现周期为12．0h的振荡．     

A simplified hindcast method for the estimation of extreme storm surge events in semi-enclosed basins

Human presence, coastal erosion, and tourism activities are increasing the attention to coastal flooding risk. To perform risk assessments, long time series of observed or hindcast wave parameters and tide levels are then necessary. In some cases, only a few years of observation are available, so that observed extreme data are not always representative and reliable. A hindcast system aimed to reconstruct long time series of total tide levels may be of great help to perform robust extreme events analysis and then to protect human life, activities as well as to counteract coastal erosion by means of risk assessments. This work aims to propose a simplified method to hindcast storm surge levels time series in semi-enclosed basins with low computational costs. The method is an extension of a previous work of some of the authors and consists of a mixed approach in which the estimation of storm surge obtained by using the theory of linear dynamic system is corrected by using a statistical method. Both steps are characterized by low computational costs. Nevertheless, the results may be considered reliable enough also in view of the simplicity of the approach. The proposed method has been applied to the Manfredonia case study, a small village located in the Southern Adriatic Italian coast and often prone to coastal flooding events. The comparison of extreme events estimated on the basis of hindcast levels time series is satisfactorily similar to those estimated on the basis of observed tide series.     

基于KPCA-RBF模型的风暴潮灾害经济损失预测

作为破坏性最强的海洋灾害,风暴潮灾害每年都给我国沿海地区造成了巨大的经济损失,运用科学的方法模型合理预测风暴潮灾害经济损失对指导沿海地区的防灾减灾工作意义深远。本文基于风暴潮灾害的成灾特点建立了风暴潮灾害直接经济损失预评估指标体系,由于评估指标数据高度非线性,采用核主成分分析（KPCA）对高维非线性数据进行降维优化,并利用径向基函数（RBF）神经网络对降维后的数据进行训练,从而实现对风暴潮灾害直接经济损失的预测。选取广东省1996—2018年的32个风暴潮灾害损失样本对模型进行仿真测试,结果表明,KPCA-RBF预测模型集成了核主成分分析和径向基函数神经网络的优势,预测结果精度高,学习收敛速度快,对风暴潮灾害数据序列有较好的非线性拟合能力。     

Storm surges in the northern part of the Sea of Japan

All the available historic records of sea level and appropriate weather charts have been used to study storm surges in the northern part of the Sea of Japan. The generation of surges in this area was investigated by means of a two-dimensional numerical model. Computed sea levels were compared with hourly observed residual sea levels in De-Kastri. The agreement between computed and observed storm surges is quite satisfactory. The relative importance of various meteorological parameters and bottom topography in formation of the strong storm surge on 20–21 September 1975 was studied numerically.     

2009年广东前汛期一次连续性特大暴雨的特征及成因

用地面常规站、自动气象站资料,探空资料,卫星云图产品及NCEP／NCAR1°×1°每6h再分析资料等,对2009年5月23-24日广东中西部沿海地区的连续性特大暴雨进行了分析。结果表明：此次强降水持续时间长、强度大、降水落区集中,具有明显的中α尺度特征。由于西太平洋副热带高压稳定维持,南海中尺度涡旋和偏南风低空急流快速北抬;涡旋北侧的暴雨区为强辐合上升区;索马里越赤道气流、孟加拉湾西南季风气流及110°E越赤道气流汇流形成强盛而狭窄的季风涌水汽输送带,为暴雨区提供充分的水汽和不稳定能量。两次中尺度对流云团的强烈发展造成了此次强降水;而高层的环流形势有利于对流云团在珠江口西侧的稳定少动。     

Large-scale dune erosion tests to study the influence of wave periods

Large-scale physical model tests were performed to quantify the effects of the wave period on dune erosion. Attention was focussed on 2D cross-shore effects in a situation with sandy dunes and extreme water levels and wave conditions. Besides profile measurements, detailed measurements in time and space of water pressure, flow velocities and sediment concentrations were performed in the near near-shore area. It was concluded that a longer wave period leads to a larger dune erosion volume and to a larger landward retreat of the dune face. Tests with double-peaked wave spectra showed that the influence of the spectral shape on dune erosion was best represented by the T_m − 1,0 spectral mean wave period, better than the peak wave period, T_p. The effect of the wave period on dune erosion was implemented in a dune erosion prediction method that estimates erosion volumes during normative storm conditions for the Dutch coast. More details of the measurements and additional analyses of physical processes are described in an accompanying paper by Van Thiel de Vries et al. [Van Thiel de Vries, J.S.M., van Gent, M.R.A., Reniers, A.J.H.M. and Walstra, D.J.R., submitted for publication. Analysis of dune erosion processes in large scale flume experiments, In this volume of Coastal Engineering.].     

中国东南沿海潮灾与防潮对策研究

中国东南沿海是中风暴潮灾害的最严得岸段，本文针对闽，粤，海南三省台风暴潮灾害概况，防潮现状及其存在问题，提出防潮减灾的对策和见解，以祈提醒人们居安思危，防患未然。