Outer wave number spectrum and statistical distribution of apparent wave number vector

Based on the ray theory and Longuet-Higgins’s linear model of sea waves, the joint distribution of wave envelope and apparent wave number vector is established. From the joint distribution, we define a new concept, namely the outer wave number spectrum, to describe the outer characteristics of ocean waves. The analytical form of the outer wave number spectrum, the probability distributions of the apparent wave number vector and its components are then derived. The outer wave number spectrum is compared with the inner wave number spectrum for the average status of wind-wave development corresponding to a peakness factor P = 3. Discussions on the similarity and difference between the outer wave number spectrum and inner one are also presented in the paper.     

区域似大地水准面确定的最小二乘支持向量机方法

支持向量机(SVM)是近年来发展起来的机器学习的新方法,它较好地解决小样本、非线性、高维数、局部极小点等实际问题.文中研究支持向量机的拓展算法--最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM),并将其应用于确定大面积复杂似大地水准面.通过工程实例并与神经网络模型和二次曲面多项式拟合模型相比较,验证确定区域似大地水准面的LSSVM方法的有效性.     

Modelling Positional Uncertainty of Line Features by Accounting for Stochastic Deviations from Straight Line Segments

The assessment of positional uncertainty in line and area features is often based on uncertainty in the coordinates of their elementary vertices which are assumed to be connected by straight lines. Such an approach disregards uncertainty caused by sampling and approximation of a curvilinear feature by a sequence of straight line segments. In this article, a method is proposed that also allows for the latter type of uncertainty by modelling random rectangular deviations from the conventional straight line segments. Using the model on a dense network of sub‐vertices, the contribution of uncertainty due to approximation is emphasised; the sampling effect can be assessed by applying it on a small set of randomly inserted sub‐vertices. A case study demonstrates a feasible way of parameterisation based on assumptions of joint normal distributions for positional errors of the vertices and the rectangular deviations and a uniform distribution of missed sub‐vertices along line segments. Depending on the magnitudes of the different sources of uncertainty, not accounting for potential deviations from straight line segments may drastically underestimate the positional uncertainty of line features.     

Decision-support systems for groundwater protection: innovative tools for resource management

Governmental authorities are forced by law to make decisions within the framework of European, national and regional directives in the fields of spatial planning, groundwater and environmental protection. These tasks can be supported by a decision-support system, which integrates data from various sources and helps to make decision processes more effective and transparent. Basic work for such a decision support system has been done in a transnational and interdisciplinary project (Interreg II C: KATER), including metadata definition, metadata system, cartographic tools and GIS tools. The direct integration of these tools and information in the decision process will be implemented in the next few years (project KATER II).     

VML在WebGIS图形显示中的应用研究

针对目前被动式WebGIS地图显示的局限,提出了引入VML的解决办法,使客户端容易实现矢量地图显示、地物动态变化显示、专题制图显示等,丰富了WebGIS的地图表现方式。     

土钉墙技术在长春市北方大厦基坑工程中的应用实践

结俣长春市北方大厦基坑支护工程实际，着重介绍了土钉墙支护方案的设计，施工及应用情况，为土钉墙支护技术在长春市深基开挖工程中的推广应用积累了经验。     

Seismic response predictions of multi‐span steel bridges through pushover analysis

In the new trend of seismic design methodology, the static pushover analysis is recommended for simple or regular structures whilst the time‐history analysis is recommended for complex structures. To this end, the applicable range of the pushover analysis has to be clarified. This study aims at investigating the applicability of pushover analysis to multi‐span continuous bridge systems with thin‐walled steel piers. The focus is concentrated on the response demand predictions in longitudinal or transverse directions. The pushover analysis procedure for such structures is firstly summarized and then parametric studies are carried out on bridges with different types of superstructure‐pier bearing connections. The considered parameters, such as piers' stiffness distribution and pier–0.5ptdeck stiffness ratio, are varied to cover both regular and irregular structures. Finally, the relation of the applicability of pushover analysis to different structural formats is demonstrated and a criterion based on the higher modal contribution is proposed to quantitatively specify the applicable range. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

无拓扑矢量数据快速压缩算法的研究与实现

首先论述传统矢量数据压缩算法：道格拉斯—普克法，分析将其应用于多边形边界数据压缩所造成的图形失真现象，在此基础上提出一种针对无拓扑矢量数据的快速压缩算法，并在MapInfo环境中实现该算法。     

俯伪斜分段密集采煤法三维有限元数值模拟研究

俯伪斜分段密集采煤法,作为一种较新的采煤方法,在我国技术上还不很成熟,因此,首次针对京煤集团木城涧矿大台井的地质条件和赋煤状况,通过简化建立三维立体有限元模型,模拟计算了该矿煤层顶底板在开采前后运动变化情况。结果表明:煤层倾角、推采距离和开采巷道数三者是影响煤层顶底板运动规律的重要因素,得到了表征顶底板运动规律的顶底板法向最大应力和法向最大位移与三影响因素关系曲线,详细阐述了三影响因素下的煤层顶底板运动规律;同时,对现场开采中支撑压力大小,特别是在三影响因素下,超前支撑压力的作用范围与应力峰值位置进行了数值计算,并总结了其影响规律;最后,指出了该数值分析方法对现场开采将具有十分重要的应用价值和指导意义。     

深基坑复合喷锚支护技术探讨

工程实践表明,复合喷锚支护是一种有效的深基坑支护型式,它可用于土层条件差、安全性要求高、变形控制严格的基坑工程中。复合支护中锚杆为主要受力构件,竖向花管为辅助受力构件,可起到限制、减小土体变形的作用。由于竖向注浆花管的加入,花管及注浆体抗剪作用加强,使基坑的整体稳定性得以大幅度提高。探讨了复合喷锚支护整体稳定性分析方法,建议将滑动区域分为加固土和原土两部分,将锚管注浆形成的注浆体等效为一层加固土,按喷锚支护模型计算复合喷锚支护整体稳定性。