A note on the seafloor coupling characteristics of the new ONR ocean-bottom seismometer

A series of transient tests were conducted to determine the seafloor coupling characteristics of a new ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) developed for the United States Office of Naval Research (ONR). The OBS comprises a large recording package and a separate sensor package that is deployed from the recording package. In addition to the coupling characteristics of both the sensor and the recording packages, the seismic energy radiated from the main recording package as a result of motion of the recording package was measured. The observed vertical coupling resonances of both the recording package and the sensor package are in good agreement with those predicted by a simple model of soil-structure interaction. The most important result of this study is that significant energy is radiated from the recording package in response to horizontal motions of the recording package. When the sensor package is 1 m from the recording package, the amplitude of the recorded signal is similar to that recorded in the recording package. In the field, this effect will result in distortion of seismic signals and increased background noise recorded by the sensor package if the recording package is disturbed by seafloor currents or biological activity. The amplitude of this signal attenuates by approximately a factor of two as sensor/recorder separation is increased from 1 to 6 m, suggesting that an improved response can be achieved by increasing the separation between the recording package and the sensors. This effect is much less severe for vertical disturbances of the recording package.     

断层参数对承压水体上采煤的影响分析

根据流固耦合理论,采用有限元数值模拟的方法,针对承压水体上采煤过程中断层参数(断距、倾角)对煤层、围岩的应力、变形和水压力变化的影响进行了模拟分析,探讨了存在断层时突水的机理和可能的突水点位置,并定量分析了防水煤柱的预留距离。得出以下结论:(1)当存在正断层时,多发生断层破坏型突水,而底板破坏型突水发生的几率较小;(2)突水性质和突水发生位置受断层断距和倾角的影响不大,煤层和采煤工作面附近的底板围岩都可能成为突水涌出点;(3)随着断层断距和倾角的增加,防水煤柱的合理留设距离应随之增大。以上结果可为实际矿井采煤防突水设计提供参考。 更多还原     

锡林郭勒盟一次暴雪过程分析

2010年11月20日20时到21日08时锡林郭勒盟东北部出现了暴雪天气过程,这次暴雪是在两脊一槽的环流形势中西来斜压槽配合地面蒙古气旋产生的,属强冷空气类。极涡的维持使斜压槽加强,移动缓慢;在印缅槽维持的西南环流场中,700hPa西南槽为华北建立了水汽通道,暖湿的低空西南急流提供了较好的水汽和能量不稳定条件;高低空急流耦合产生了动力抬升作用,大、暴雪就发生在高空急流入口区右侧,低空急流左侧的耦合区。逆温层和高能舌的存在为暴雪的发生储备了潜在能量。     

陆地表层系统自然地理过程的研究方法

近十几年来,过程研究在陆地表层系统科学研究中的地位越来越重要。陆地表层系统的复杂性为地理过程研究带来了诸多困扰和挑战,合理有效的方法是取得进展的关键之一。该文概述自然地理过程研究的基本方法,并综述相关综合的研究方法;包括格局—过程综合、时—空过程综合、不同地理要素过程综合的方法;在此基础上,指出目前过程研究在方法上的三大难点,即人为-自然相互作用的辨识与定量化方法、模型综合与选择、尺度转换。全球变化研究的兴起以及相关学科与技术的发展为自然地理过程研究带来了机遇。总之,陆地表层系统自然地理过程研究方法呈微观化、层次化、现代化、模型化和综合化的趋势,而且方法的创新是不可忽视的关键环节。