欧北-大湾地区火山岩储层成因机制的研究

从分布、成分组成、形成机制等几个方面探讨了辽河油田东部凹陷中段最主要的火山岩储层－－粗面岩的成因机制，并对其成为该区良好储层的原因进行了探讨，通过对比说明了另一类火山岩－－玄武岩不含油的原因，并建立了成因模式，最后得出结论：粗面岩呈喷发状态产出，由于其硅质含量高，流动性小，容易在构造高部位形成巨厚的火山岩锥或火山岩钏，从而造成其大部分在水上，结晶较好且储层物性极佳，同时因其裂缝发育，这些因素结合起来使其成为良好的会层。从供油方式来看，其成藏方式属于侧生式，而从生储盖组合方式来看，其属于自生、自储、自盖式成藏组合。同时给出了其成藏模式。     

含裂隙煤层底板突水规律的数值模拟与工程应用

本文结合淮北杨庄矿某工作面实际工程情况, 利用NCAP-2D-W对煤层底板突水进行多方案的数值模拟试验研究。主要内容包括:(1) 考虑在承压水不变的条件下,设计不同裂隙分布状态,探讨单裂隙、多裂隙、不同长度裂隙对煤层底板破坏的影响及开采矿压对裂隙顶部破坏的影响;(2) 考虑承压水的变化,分别考虑单裂隙和多裂隙两种分布状态,探讨裂隙对煤层底板破坏的影响及开采矿压对裂隙底部破坏的影响。通过分析受采动荷载、岩层结构变化、煤层底板中裂隙分布状态及承压水变化等因素影响的数值试验,获得了随开采工作面不断推进煤层底板破坏区的发展、突水导升高度的递增、突水通道的形成等相关规律。     

Influence of gas production induced volumetric strain on permeability of coal

Summary The gas permeability of a coalbed, unlike that of conventional gas reservoirs, is influenced during gas production not only by the simultaneous changes in effective stress and gas slippage, but also by the volumetric strain of the coal matrix that is associated with gas desorption. A technique for conducting laboratory experiments to separate these effects and estimate their individual contribution is presented in this paper. The results show that for a pressure decrease from 6.2 to 0.7 MPa, the total permeability of the coal sample increased by more than 17 times. A factor of 12 is due to the volumetric strain effect, and a factor of 5 due to the gas slippage effect. Changes in permeability and porosity with gas depletion were also estimated using the measured volumetric strain and the matchstick reservoir model geometry for flow of gas in coalbeds. The resulting variations were compared with results obtained experimentally. Furthermore, the results show that when gas pressure is above 1.7 MPa, the effect of volumetric strain due to matrix shrinkage dominates. As gas pressure falls below 1.7 MPa, both the gas slippage and matrix shrinkage effects play important roles in influencing the permeability. Finally, the change in permeability associated with matrix shrinkage was found to be linearly proportional to the volumetric strain. Since volumetric strain is linearly proportional to the amount of gas desorbed, the change in permeability is a linear function of the amount of desorbing gas.     

长春黄土状土的水文、工程地质特性及降水方案的确定

在镜下对长春黄土状土的微观结构进行研究，发现第三层粉质粘土含水机制在于土中具有纵横交织的空洞和管道，地下水赋存于其中；第二层棕红色粉质粘土和粘土的崩解性在于该层土具有网状裂隙，卸荷后遇水崩解，在此基础上提出基坑降水的设计方案。     

高土石坝裂缝分析的变形倾度有限元法及其应用

土石坝张拉裂缝一般由坝体的不均匀沉降变形引起,是土石坝破坏的主要诱因和表现形式之一。将基于现场沉降监测资料的传统变形倾度法进行了扩展,通过在有限元计算程序中嵌入变形倾度计算模块,发展了基于有限元变形计算的变形倾度有限元法。该方法简洁实用,方便与常规有限元变形计算相耦合,可作为在工程设计阶段分析和估算土石坝是否会发生表面张拉裂缝的实用方法。应用所发展的变形倾度有限元法,以糯扎渡高心墙堆石坝工程为例,进行了坝体后期变形引起坝体表面发生张拉裂缝的敏感性计算分析,探讨了高土石坝变形倾度的分布规律以及与坝体后期变形的关系,发现对糯扎渡高心墙堆石坝,坝顶后期沉降最大值小于坝高0.39%,可作为防止发生坝顶横向张拉裂缝的控制工况。通过工程实例的计算,说明提出的方法可用于高土石坝的裂缝预测分析。     

烧变岩体特性及其注浆扩散行为研究

烧变岩是煤层自燃引起周围围岩变质而形成的特殊类岩石。通过现场取样,在实验室对烧变岩试样进行了物理力学性质测试,试验结果表明：烧变岩的含水率略有降低,而力学强度普遍增强,泊松比略变小,烧变岩体裂隙发育。注浆压力作用下,分析了裂隙尖端的劈裂情况,在此基础上,利用宾汉浆液扩散模型编制了浆液在裂隙网络中的流动扩散程序,可以模拟浆液在非贯通裂隙网络内的流动扩散范围。最后对柠条塔井田烧变岩体进行注浆试验,利用浆液流动模拟程序进行了注浆压力的优化选择,并将实际浆液扩散范围与程序模拟浆液扩散范围进行对比,二者结果较吻合,该程序可以用来指导现场注浆工程参数设计和施工,同时烧变岩体注浆试验也为类似工程注浆施工提供一定的参考依据。     

总干闸胸墙裂缝危害性及处理措施分析

采用特有的裂缝单元模拟裂缝和特殊的杆单元模拟混凝土中的骑缝筋,对某枢纽工程总干闸胸墙裂缝危害性及处理措施进行了数值仿真分析。分析结果显示,此分析模型能较好模拟裂缝在外荷载下的变形及混凝土中钢筋的受力状态,对混凝土裂缝处理与加固设计提出了一条量化分析方法。     

大规模地形实时显示中的裂隙消除算法研究

传统大规模地形实时显示中的裂隙消除算法强制要求的结点依赖关系会带来地形表达失真,或者因算法过于复杂而不能应用于大规模地形等问题。本文针对大规模RSG地形数据,提出四叉树孤立分割思想,设计并实现了地形规则分块后,利用添加拆分点和平均高程值消除单块内和多块间裂隙的算法。经初步试验表明,该算法不仅简单快捷,且使地形各个区域均可自适应地满足精度要求,具有较高的实用价值,对其他模型的裂隙消除也是一种借鉴。     

基于循环孔洞扩张模型的X型圆管节点超低周疲劳寿命预测

海洋工程钢结构在服役过程中,受风、浪、流或地震等极端循环载荷的影响,易发生超低周疲劳断裂破坏,造成人员伤亡及财产损失,因此超低周疲劳断裂分析及寿命预测对于海工结构安全性评估至关重要。然而,现阶段基于累积损伤理论提出的多种超低周疲劳寿命预测模型无法对多尺度节点实现统一预测,造成了实际工程应用的不便。因此文中基于循环孔洞扩张模型开展X型圆管节点超低周疲劳寿命预测。首先,开发了基于循环孔洞扩张模型的VUSDFLD程序,实现ABAQUS与FORTRAN子程序联合应用,利用有限元分析验证循环孔洞扩张模型在X型圆管节点超低周疲劳断裂分析中的有效性;其次,根据多组X型圆管节点超低周疲劳断裂有限元分析结果,在宏观层面提出了一种基于Manson-Coffin公式的超低周疲劳寿命预测公式;最后,依据Miner理论,将适用于等幅加载的超低周疲劳寿命公式扩展至变幅加载情况,验证了多种节点尺寸下超低周疲劳公式的适用性,为工程应用提供了理论依据。     

Cracking risk of partially saturated porous media—Part I: Microporoelasticity model

Drying of deformable porous media results in their shrinkage, and it may cause cracking provided that shrinkage deformations are hindered by kinematic constraints. This is the motivation to develop a thermodynamics‐based microporoelasticity model for the assessment of cracking risk in partially saturated porous geomaterials. The study refers to 3D representative volume elements of porous media, including a two‐scale double‐porosity material with a pore network comprising (at the mesoscale) 3D mesocracks in the form of oblate spheroids, and (at the microscale) spherical micropores of different sizes. Surface tensions prevailing in all interfaces between solid, liquid, and gaseous matters are taken into account. To establish a thermodynamics‐based crack propagation criterion for a two‐scale double‐porosity material, the potential energy of the solid is derived, accounting—in particular—for mesocrack geometry changes (main original contribution) and for effective micropore pressures, which depend (due to surface tensions) on the pore radius. Differentiating the potential energy with respect to crack density parameter yields the thermodynamical driving force for crack propagation, which is shown to be governed by an effective macrostrain. It is found that drying‐related stresses in partially saturated mesocracks reduce the cracking risk. The drying‐related effective underpressures in spherical micropores, in turn, result in a tensile eigenstress of the matrix in which the mesocracks are embedded. This way, micropores increase the mesocracking risk. Model application to the assessment of cracking risk during drying of argillite is the topic of the companion paper (Part II). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.