黑龙江哈尔滨白渔泡国家湿地公园沼泽、林地和农田土壤物理、化学和生物性质差异

为了揭示黑龙江哈尔滨白渔泡国家湿地公园沼泽、林地和农田土壤物理、化学和生物性质的差异,于2018年7月25日~8月2日,在湿地公园内,在天然芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽、林地、旱田和水田中设置采样地,采集不同深度(0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm)的土壤样品,测定土壤样品的物理、化学和生物指标。研究结果表明,白渔泡国家湿地公园不同采样地土壤指标存在差异;与天然芦苇沼泽土壤相比,其它采样地土壤的含水量明显偏低,土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮和有机质含量都明显偏小,水田土壤速效磷含量偏大;天然芦苇沼泽土壤脲酶、硝酸还原酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性都高于林地和农田土壤,水田0~10 cm和10~20 cm深度土壤的硝酸还原酶活性显著高于旱田和林地;与天然芦苇沼泽土壤相比,旱田土壤小于0.25 mm的小团聚体含量偏大,而其它采样地土壤的各粒级团聚体的比例变化较小,水田土壤团聚体平均重量直径比天然芦苇沼泽和旱田土壤低。     

Relationship between Shot-Induced Noise and Shot Interval in Seismic Refraction Experiments at Sea

Seismic noise induced by the seismic source during continuous profiling reduces the signal-to-noise ratio and hence the data quality. This noise is largely dependent on the shot interval. In this paper, the noise amplitude of refraction seismic records from a special experiment is analysed as a function of the shot interval. An empirical exponential relationship between mean peak noise amplitude and shot interval is deduced. By increasing the shot interval, the induced noise can be minimized on all successive records. This results in an improvement of the data, predominantly the signal-to-noise ratio. Because the seismic signal and the shot-induced noise have nearly the same spectra, the chance of improving the signal-to-noise ratio by stacking is significantly reduced.     

A technique for conducting seismic refraction experiments on the ocean bed using bottom shots

A technique has been devised for firing arrays of bottom shots on the ocean bed in depths upto 4000 m or more. Ten kilogram explosive charges are dropped from the surface while the shooting ship is navigated acoustically. They are detonated at preset times by an electronic timer which initiates an electrical detonator, detonating cord and cast PETN/TNT explosive. Ranges to ocean bottom seismographs, and the shot instants, can be calculated from the arrival-time differences of the direct and surface-reflected water waves. The accuracy, which is dependent on water-depth and range, was better than 22 m in range and 14 msec in shot instant for our experiments.     

基于灰色模糊聚类分析的吉林省黑土结构综合评价

通过对黑土结构指标的定量研究,确定颗粒组成、团聚性和孔隙性3个方面的9个结构指标,建立结构综合评价体系,并采用灰色模糊聚类分析法对黑土的结构进行综合评价,确定吉林黑土的结构质量及肥力状况。结果表明,肥力中-低等样品数量占总量的53%,吉林黑土总体肥力状况不容乐观。以灰色模糊聚类分析法评价土壤结构不需要建立评价的分级标准,可以根据评价对象的实际情况进行最优聚类分析,采用结构性指标对黑土肥力和退化进行评价是可行的。     

广州航空邮件处理中心土洞及桩端软土层处理工艺研究

广州航空邮件处理中心位于岩溶发育地区,场区内存在大量土洞、溶洞等不良地质现象。该建筑物拟采用静压桩基础。为保证建筑物及场道安全,须对场区土洞进行处理。结合场地具体情况和施工工期要求,首先对大体积土洞进行泵注细石砼骨料充填处理,以消除地面大面积塌陷的危险,消灭压桩机械施工安全隐患,然后开始进行静压桩基础施工,同时在场地允许区域对中小体积土洞、桩端软土层等分别进行泵注砂浆骨料和袖阀注浆处理．以确保洞体密实和保证桩基承载力。通过对处理工艺、处理范围的比较筛选和对质量控制要点、施工技术要点的分析提炼．达到了施工简便、造价合理、安全高效的目的,并采用骨料取芯检测、土体标贯试验和压缩试验、洞体物探等多种检测手段,完全达到了设计要求,取得了良好的工程效果和经济效益。     

浅谈（TCP）射孔技术在松辽地区应用与发展

油管传佃式射孔是近几年来射孔新技术,应用于石油、天燃气勘探、开发井中。的使用,大大提高了油气井的射孔效率,增加油气产量,降低了作业成本,从而能获得较好的经济效益,解决了正压射孔存在的不足,是一项新的负压射孔方式。通过几年来在松辽地区的应用,效果很佳。大部分的高产油气流都是采用这种射孔方法进行的。     

吉林台爆破料应力应变关系的三轴试验研究

通过室内大型三轴实验，研究了吉林台水库爆破料在不同级配下的应力应变关系，得到了在一定击实功下爆破料的最大干密度随细料含量变化的规律，分析了爆破料在不同级配和不同围压下应力与应变的变化规律、轴向应变与体积应变的关系及抗剪强度变化特性．从微观的角度说明了变化规律产生的原因，得出爆破料的抗剪强度随级配的变化而变化的规律．     

旱地紫色土团聚体特征的指标比较

土壤团聚体是土壤肥力的基础，团聚体结构对土壤肥力有重要的影响。用团聚体几何平均直径(GMD)、平均重量直径(MWD)、粒径分布分形维(D)和表面分形维(P)分别对紫色土团聚体及水稳性团聚体进行分析：几何平均直径(GMD)、平均重量直径(MWD)、粒径分布分形维(D)和表面分形维(P)从不同角度反映紫色土团聚体特征；几何平均直径(GMD)、平均重量直径(MWD)对团聚体和水稳性团聚体分布均能较好地反映；粒径分布分形维(D)和表面分形维(P)能更好地反映团聚体的水稳性和抗蚀性，是描述土壤团聚体水稳性和抗蚀性的新指标和新方法。     

河北平山湾子群夕线石英集合体的地质地球化学特征及成因

河北平山地区早前寒武纪湾子群及相关岩石中夕线石英集合体成因存在长期争论。根据地质地球化学研究，本文将它们划分为3种不同类型。(1)球状和团块状夕线石英集合体，其形成与钾长浅粒岩的深熔作用有关。(2)面状夕线石英集合体，与钾长浅粒岩在应力状态下的变质分异作用有关。两者地球化学组成及与相邻浅色体关系受母岩和作用过程双重因素制约。(3)层状夕线石英集合体，为变质沉积成因，地球化学上反映了变质原岩的组成特征。     

Conceptually-based shot noise modeling of streamflows at short time interval

A conceptual-stochastic approach to short time runoff data modelling is proposed, according to the aim of reproducing the hydrological aspects of the streamflow process and of preserving as much as possible the dynamics of the process itself. This latter task implies preservation of streamflow characteristics at higher scales of aggregation and, within a conceptual framework, involves compatibility with models proposed for the runoff process at those scales. At a daily time scale the watershed response to the effective rainfall is considered as deriving from the response of three linear reservoirs, respectively representing contributions to streamflows of large deep aquifers, with over-year response lag, of aquifers which run dry by the end of the dry season and of subsurface runoff. The surface runoff component is regarded as an uncorrelated point process. Considering the occurrences of effective rainfall events as generated by an independent Poisson process, the output of the linear system represents a conceptually-based multiple shot noise process. Model identification and parameter estimation are supported by information related to the aggregated runoff process, in agreement to the conceptual framework proposed, and this allows parameter parsimony, efficient estimation and effectiveness of the streamflow reproduction. Good performances emerged from the model application and testing made with reference to some daily runoff series from Italian basins.