An experimental method for determining the frequency-dependent added mass and added mass moment of inertia for a floating body in heave and pitch motions

Most of the existing relevant materials have been obtained from experiments, in which evaluating the added mass at the resonant frequency corresponding to the peak of a frequency-response curve obtained from the “forced” vibration analysis is the most popular technique. In this paper, a simple experimental method was presented where the “free” vibration responses instead of the “forced” ones were used to determine the values of m_ah and I_ap. The main part of the experimental system is composed of a floating body (model) and a spring–shaft shaker. The “free” vibration of this main part was induced by imposing on it an initial displacement (and/or an initial velocity), and from the time histories of displacements information such as the “damped” natural frequencies, damping ratios, sectional added mass coefficients (C_V and C_P) were obtained. Since the displacements of the spring–shaft shaker are “translational” and those of the floating body due to pitch motions are “angular”, a technique for the transformation between the associated parameters of the two components of the main part was presented.     

高聚物外包盾构隧道离心机振动台试验研究

为了验证非水反应聚氨酯高聚物(后文简称高聚物)外包盾构隧道具有减震性能,对高聚物外包盾构隧道模型和无外包隧道模型,采用离心机振动台进行对比试验。针对中密砂土围岩,在不同阵型特征的地震波输入下,对比有无高聚物外包隧道加速度、频谱、隧道动力响应和地表沉降,分析高聚物的减震性能。试验结果表明:在不同地震激励的工况下,对于有无高聚物外包的隧道模型,其加速度和频谱差别不大;二者隧道各点上的动应变平均相差31.32%;高聚物外包层隧道模型地表的最终沉降分别比无外包隧道模型和自由场地表沉降约小20%和50%。试验证明高聚物对盾构隧道有减震作用,此试验研究为高聚物在今后的工程应用提供参考依据。     

40g-t水平单向离心振动台总体设计方法研究

离心机上水平单向振动台振动容量大于30 g-t为大型离心振动台,振动容量40 g-t则代表国际当前大型离心振动台最高水平,目前仅美国和日本各有一台,经验少且自装备后一直不断改进.为满足我国岩土地震工程和土动力学对大型离心振动台装备的迫切需求,本文剖析了40 g-t水平单向离心振动台的功能要求与研制难点,论述了其总体设计...     

NEES系统中振动离心机最新进展及国内振动离心机发展设想

美国地震工程网络模拟系统(NEES)代表了国际地震工程试验技术的最新发展趋势,其中振动离心机的建设占有重要地位,而国内振动离心机的现状与我国辽阔的地域、复杂的工程地质条件、高速发展的经济建设以及严峻的地震形势十分不相称。文中概述了我国振动离心机的现状和客观需求,对NEES系统中振动离心机的发展进行了跟踪研究,通过分析UCDavis和RPI两台振动离心机的发展历程和最新进展,阐述了我国振动离心机发展的必要性及重点。强调应加强离心机振动台技术的研发,根据国内当前土动力学和岩土地震工程科学研究的需要,提出了以振动负载为主要指标的思想,指出了发展重点应放在振动负载、频宽、多向、低频位移、辅助试验功能和网络化功能等方面,对一些重要指标提出了建议。     

微型高频双层振动筛在绿色勘查钻探中的应用

绿色勘查钻探施工广泛采用便携式全液压钻机,受便携钻机泥浆工艺、占地面积的影响,没有配套的泥浆净化设备,施工中存在浪费水资源、废弃泥浆没有环保处理的问题。综合分析各种泥浆净化方法,提出使用微型高频双层圆形振动筛净化泥浆的方案,效果较好,经济实用,符合绿色勘查要求。     

Determining Rayleigh damping parameters of soils for finite element analysis

Soil damping ratio is an important parameter for modelling the dynamic behaviour of soil embankment structures, especially for the micro‐vibration analysis of hospitals and high‐tech industries, which have a very severe construction requirement for vibration. This paper explores using a least‐squares method to evaluate the Rayleigh damping parameters for the finite element analysis of wave propagation in soils. The least‐squares method was first used in Bornitz's equation to calculate the absorption coefficients of soils. Afterward, the best‐fit Rayleigh damping parameters were obtained using those coefficients in the least‐squares scheme again. Both three‐dimensional finite element analyses and field experiments were performed to validate the accuracy of this method. The comparison between experimental and finite element results demonstrates that the accuracy of this least‐squares method is acceptable. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Forced vibration testing of buildings using the linear shaker seismic simulation (LSSS) testing method

This paper describes the development and numerical verification of a test method to realistically simulate the seismic structural response of full‐scale buildings. The result is a new field testing procedure referred to as the linear shaker seismic simulation (LSSS) testing method. This test method uses a linear shaker system in which a mass mounted on the structure is commanded a specified acceleration time history, which in turn induces inertial forces in the structure. The inertia force of the moving mass is transferred as dynamic force excitation to the structure. The key issues associated with the LSSS method are (1) determining for a given ground motion displacement, x_g, a linear shaker motion which induces a structural response that matches as closely as possible the response of the building if it had been excited at its base by x_g (i.e. the motion transformation problem) and (2) correcting the linear shaker motion from Step (1) to compensate for control–structure interaction effects associated with the fact that linear shaker systems cannot impart perfectly to the structure the specified forcing functions (i.e. the CSI problem). The motion transformation problem is solved using filters that modify x_g both in the frequency domain using building transfer functions and in the time domain using a least squares approximation. The CSI problem, which is most important near the modal frequencies of the structural system, is solved for the example of a linear shaker system that is part of the NEES@UCLA equipment site. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

风成沙最优振筛时间

筛析法是测定沉积物颗粒组分的简单便捷方法,但关于振筛机对不同物料颗粒的最佳筛析时间少有报道。采用顶击式标准振筛机、1/2Φ间隔的套筛,开展了以风成沙为筛析样品、以筛析时间为变量的实验。结果表明：随着筛析时间增加,粒度参数的平均粒径和分选系数有增加且趋于平稳的趋势,但参数级别未发生改变;随筛析时间的增加,个别样品的偏度和峰度级别发生改变,其余均未改变;整体上,≥35目的筛网是决定1/2Φ间隔套筛最佳筛析时间的主要标准筛,但不同特性的风成沙颗粒对不同筛网的最佳筛析时间存在差异;为保证在筛析时间增加的过程中,粒度参数级别不再发生改变,且各筛网上的沙物质颗粒质量变化较小或趋于稳定,选取供试样品的平均最佳筛析时间作为风成沙颗粒筛析的最佳时间,建议风成沙颗粒的最佳筛析时间为14min。