A response‐based decoupling criterion for multiply‐supported secondary systems

It is often infeasible to carry out coupled analyses of multiply‐supported secondary systems for earthquake excitations. ‘Approximate’ decoupled analyses are then resorted to, unless the response errors due to those are significantly high. This study proposes a decoupling criterion to identify such cases where these errors are likely to be larger than an acceptable level. The proposed criterion is based on the errors in the primary system response due to decoupling and has been obtained by assuming (i) the input excitation to be an ideal white noise process, (ii) cross‐modal correlation to be negligible, and (iii) the combined system to be classically damped. It uses the modal properties of the undamped combined system, and therefore, a perturbation approach has been formulated to determine the combined system properties in case of light to moderately heavy secondary systems. A numerical study has been carried out to illustrate the accuracy achieved with the proposed perturbation formulation. The proposed decoupling criterion has been validated with the help of two example primary‐secondary systems and four example excitation processes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2D stabilised analytic signal method in DC pole-pole potential data interpretation

Using analytic signal method, interpretation of pole-pole secondary electric potentials due to 2D conductive/resistive prisms is presented. The estimated parameters are the location, lateral extent or width and depth to top surface of the prism. Forward modelling is attempted by 2D-Finite Difference method. The proposed stabilised analytic signal algorithm (RES2AS) uses Tikhonov’s regularization scheme and FFT routines. The algorithm is tested on three theoretical examples and field data from the campus of Roorkee University. The stability of RES2AS is also tested on synthetic error prone secondary pole-pole potential data.     

Surface chemical analysis in coal preparation research: complementary information from XPS and ToF-SIMS

The application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to coal surface characterisation for preparation research is described. Progress towards the acquisition of complementary surface chemical information by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is also discussed. Surface-based beneficiation techniques such as flotation are assuming greater importance as the proportion of fines in raw coal increases due to the proliferation of high capacity mining methods. A necessary condition for the floatability of a coal particle is adequate hydrophobicity, and the degree of hydrophobicity of the flotation concentrate is one factor influencing the ease with which its dewatering can be affected. The hydrophobicity of a coal is very difficult to measure directly because of microporosity, and it is often necessary to deduce the degree of hydrophobicity from a knowledge of the surface chemistry. XPS is able to provide sufficient analytical data to allow relative levels of hydrophobicity to be estimated. In principle, ToF-SIMS should be able to supply additional information enabling refinement of such estimates; however, there are insufficient data at present to allow the ionic fragments detected to be related to specific functional groups at the coal surface.     

充填处理红宝石的鉴定

对红宝石的天然、合成、优化处理成因已有许多研究,其中有不少争议［１］。争议的焦点在于对其内含物（包裹体）的认识。因此,在鉴定工作中思路要宽,对内含物的一切可能成因要作全方位推断,然后一一甄别。１　测试样品及其一般宝石学特征１－１　测试样品本文测试样品为一条红宝石伴钻石手链,来自于广州市对一家有信誉的国营大公司的市场抽查。样品重７－５４ｇ,由１０粒规格为５－１×４－２ｍｍ的椭圆形刻面红宝石及１８粒圆形钻石组成,工艺精美,商家称为“镶嵌红宝石手链”。１－２　一般宝石学特征１０粒红宝石颜色统一,为较均…     

鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透油气藏形成研究现状与展望

鄂尔多斯盆地是中国规模最大的低渗透油气资源勘探与开发基地,其低渗透油气藏具有油层物性差、非均质性强、油藏成藏因素复杂、油藏分布受多种因素联合控制等特点。在回顾鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透油气藏成藏理论研究和勘探历史经验基础上,认为目前鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透油气藏成藏研究存在两大理论体系,即沉积学控制成藏理论和运移动力学控制成藏理论,前者从沉积特征出发,强调储层砂体沉积相、非均质性和成岩作用在低渗透性油藏形成中的控制作用,后者从石油运移与聚集过程出发,强调运移动力学在初次运移和二次运移中的重要作用。但是目前低渗透油气成藏研究存在一定的局限性和片面性,过分强调了单个地质因素的作用,其中沉积学控制成藏理论局限于沉积相划分和沉积模式建立方面,过多地强调了沉积相对成藏因素静态的控制作用,而忽视了油气成藏过程的动态属性;运移动力学控制成藏理论却过分强调了油气流体运移过程的模式化和公式化,过分夸大和随意解释了油气运移成藏记录——油气包裹体的作用及其原始地质意义,轻视了深部地层条件下油气运移的复杂性和油气包裹体记录的多解性。因此,传统的单因素控制油气成藏理论和相应的勘探研究方法已经不能确切揭示油气富集规律和有效指导勘探工作。低渗透油气藏成藏理论研究趋势是要重视分析油气藏地质记录,动态研究油气藏形成和演化历史过程,总结油气富集规律,为油气勘探战略部署提供重要资料。     

DDA程序二次开发及工程应用

在石根华先生DDA程序的基础上,中国水利水电科学研究院作了二次程序开发,实现了Windows用户界面,丰富了前后处理的功能,计算中也可以模拟边坡的开挖过程。介绍了程序的新功能、新特点以及程序在向家坝重力坝抗滑稳定性研究中的应用。     

壤中汞气测量在于都营脑隐伏矿产勘查中的应用

营脑矿区位于南岭银坑贵多金属矿田西部,以破碎蚀变岩型银多金属矿产为主.该区壤中汞气异常明显,最大含量为5 200.0 ng/m3,峰背比最高达60.4.汞气异常形态与区内NE向控矿破碎带分布基本一致,对含矿破碎带表现出异常叠加的特征.以汞气异常为依据,结合研究区成矿地质条件,综合固定出3个找矿远景区,并认为Ⅲ远景区找矿潜力最大.     

矿山酸性水中铝相次生矿物及环境学意义的研究进展

酸性矿山排水（AMD）是硫化矿床矿山环境污染防治的难点,因而持续受到国内外学者的关注。众多的学者对矿区AMD中次生矿物进行了研究。为深入了解AMD中次生矿物的形成和演化,为AMD污染防治提供科学依据,笔者对前人不同环境下AMD中的次生矿物类型、次生矿物形成顺序,以及铝相次生矿物的形成、特征、环境危害及意义进行了简要综述。目前与AMD有关的主要次生矿物存在3种类型,即铁相次生矿物、铝相次生矿物和其他相次生矿物,AMD中的pH、Eh和温度对于次生矿物的形成具有控制性的作用。铁、铝相次生矿物具有吸附金属能力,这一性质有助于在一定程度上实现河流的自净化作用。由于AMD形成条件高,矿物相不稳定,目前有关AMD中铝相次生矿物及“酸性白水”的研究成果有限。因此,加强铝相次生矿物以及“酸性白水”的研究,可以更好地解析蒿坪河流域石煤矿区河流酸性磺水–酸性白水的形成演化机制,以及铝相次生矿物吸附重金属的地球化学过程。