珠江口盆地多期走滑构造与叠合型拉分盆地:以阳江东凹为例

珠江口盆地的成盆机制和构造演化过程探讨是该地区烃源岩研究中不可缺少的环节,也是大家广泛关注的焦点问题.本文以阳江东凹为例,通过整体与局部相结合的分析方法,从整体上确定了研究区走滑断裂的发育特征和展布框架,明确了区域构造运动与走滑断裂的成因联系;并将整体划分成局部,聚焦于阳江东凹古近纪盆地构造演化阶段逐步分解与精细检验,...     

海原断裂干盐池拉分盆地中央断层的形成机制探讨

拉分盆地内部的"对角线式中央断层",不仅在拉分盆地的消亡过程中发挥着重要作用,还对大地震的发生具有重要控制作用,研究其形成演化具有重要的意义.然而,与拉分盆地相比,专门针对中央断层的研究较少,制约了人们对拉分盆地乃至走滑断裂带构造演化过程的理解.文中以海原断裂带中段的干盐池拉分盆地为例,对盆地内的中央断层开展了地质地貌...     

Seismo-tectonic divisions of strong earthquakes with M_s≥7.0 and their tectonic geomorphology along Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone

IntroductionXianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone is an important active fault zone and a strong earthquake belt in the southeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Figure 1). Since 814 AD a total of 14 earthquakes with M ( 7, including one of magnitude 8.0, took place there. This large-scale fault zone runs from north to south, includes the northwesterly Xianshuihe fault, the near-NS An(ninghe fault, NNW Zemuhe fault, and near-NS Xiaojiang fault. It forms the east boundary of Sichuan-Yunn…     

Seismo-tectonic divisions of strong earthquakes with M S≥7.0 and their tectonic geomorphology along Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone

Seismo-tectonic areas of historical strong earthquakes with M _S≥7 along Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone are divided, and their individual fault-pattern and tectonic geomorphology are analyzed. Those strong-earthquake areas are located in some special parts of the fault zone, where the major branch-faults of the fault zone form left stepping, parallel, and fork-like patterns. In the strong-earthquake areas structurally complicated basins are developed, such as pull-apart basins in fork-like area, in double stepping area, and in stepping and fork-like areas. Foundation item: Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation (9507424). Contribution No. 2001A003, Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Seismological Bureau.     

山东胶莱盆地边缘层间滑动角砾岩型金矿地质特征及成矿动力学背景

以蓬家夼、大庄子和发云夼为代表的胶莱盆地北缘层间滑动角砾岩型金矿是近年来确立的一种新类型金矿。这种新类型金矿产出于走滑拉分盆地边缘,并受层间滑动断裂的控制。层间滑动断裂是在伸展构造环境下形成的,一般沿大理岩等相对脆性岩层产出,是一条由碎裂岩、角砾岩等张性构造岩构成、具有一定宽度的断裂构造岩带,具有倾向滑移的特点。层间滑动角砾岩型金矿化主要发生在大理岩质碎裂岩、角砾岩等张性构造岩胶结物内。地质研究及硫、碳及氢氧同位素证据表明,成矿物质和成矿流体具有多源性的特点,以源于下地壳及上地幔的深源成矿流体为主,下渗大气降水及盆地流体不同程度地参与了成矿作用过程,对金矿的形成起到了重要的作用。控矿断裂和金矿化的形成与中生代期间华北东部大地构造环境及胶莱盆地的形成演化密切相关。受区域构造应力场的影响,断裂经历了挤压—伸展—挤压的构造过程。中生代中晚期华北东部岩石圈的剧烈拉张减薄及郯庐断裂带的强烈活动为深源成矿流体的形成和大规模上升创造了聚集和运移的条件,金矿即与这次深源岩浆活动密切相关。     

基于离散元方法对走滑拉分盆地演化及次级断裂扩展过程研究

拉分盆地是一种与走滑断裂带密切相关的特殊拉张构造,因其重要的构造意义,及其与火山活动、中小地震群集、特殊的成矿作用间的伴生关系而受到研究者的高度重视。关于拉分盆地的形成演化过程,已有较多的研究成果,但是由于研究手段的限制,缺少对盆地演化中次级断裂扩展过程的研究。基于离散元的数值计算方法是研究断裂扩展方式的理想方法。本文采用基于离散元的颗粒流方法,揭示纯走滑拉分盆地发育过程中的断裂扩展和连接过程,为拉分盆地演化机理和断裂扩展提供新的研究方法。同时,根据主走滑断层与块体运动方向的夹角不同,建立不同的张扭性拉分盆地模型,系统研究张扭性盆地的断裂扩展和演化机理。将上述理论研究结果与死海盆地等经典拉分盆地实例相结合,探讨了死海盆地、土耳其Cinarcik盆地、哥伦比亚El Paraiso盆地等的形成演化机理和断裂扩展方式。      

云南羊街盆地的走滑成因及构造反转

根据羊街盆地充填特征和构造演化,认为该盆地是在走滑构造活动中,局部伸展拉陷条件下形成的。南北走向的小江断裂左行走滑活动,控制了拉分盆地构造的形成和发展,成盆期末又发生了构造反转变形,同时提出了盆地形成和构造反转的地球动力模式。      

晚二叠世甘肃北山南带中段走滑隆升与拉分拗陷作用

晚二叠世,处于板内活动中后期的北山南带中段地区,发生规模宏大的左旋位移走滑断裂作用。花牛山-五峰山和黄尖丘-新场两地区形成正性的走滑隆升区,其相应中间地带则显示了负性拉分拗陷作用,发育了大奇山拉分盆地。走滑隆升地区走滑型剪切带发育,为剪切带型的金矿成矿带。拉分盆地以巨厚火山-磨拉石建造为特征,沉积环境为陆相-海相-海陆混合相。     

华南北部湾盆地的形成机制

从北部湾盆地的区域地质构造背景、几何形态、边界断裂及内部断裂特征解析,综合沉积中心迁移规律及盆内构造研究,提出北部湾盆地为右行右阶走滑拉分成因。盆地的形成和发展受控于合浦-北流、信宜-廉江、吴川-四会和阳江-河源4条深大断裂带,这4条主干断裂带构成右阶断裂格架。古近系出现的花状构造等表现出典型的张扭特征,新近系受到压扭作用改造发生挤压反转,该盆地构造演化过程与华南大陆中、新生代拉分盆地具有同期性和相似性。中生代基底中先存的深大走滑断裂带是新生代北部湾盆地形成的先决地质条件。而印度-澳大利亚板块对欧亚板块碰撞挤压作用的逐渐增强和太平洋板块俯冲方向的改变及俯冲作用的衰减是控制北部湾盆地形成演化的区域大地构造因素。     

Crustal Structure beneath Yinggehai Basin and Adjacent Hainan Island, and Its Tectonic Implications

Two NE-SW trending wide-angle seismic profiles were surveyed across the Chinese side Two NE-SW trending wide-angle seismic profiles were surveyed across the Chinese side of the Yinggehai (莺歌海) basin (YGHB) with ocean bottom hydrophones (OBHs) and piggyback recorded by onshore stations located on the Hainan (海南)Island.Detailed velocity-depth models were obtained through traveltime modeling and partially constrained by amplitude calculations.More than 15 km Tertiary sedimentary infill within the YGHB can be divided in to three layers with distinct velocity-depth distribution.Overall,the upper layer has a high velocity gradient with 3.8-4.1 km/s at its bottom,consistent with progressive compaction and diagenesls.Its thickness increases gradually towards the basin center,reaching 4.5 km along the southern profile.The middle layer is characterized in its most part as a pronounced low velocity zone (LVZ) with average velocity as low as 3.0 km/s.Its thickness increases from 3.0 to over 4.5 km from NW towards SE.The primary causes of the velocity inversion are high accumulation rate and subsequent under-compaction of sediments.The velocity at the top of the lower layer is estimated at about 4.5 km/s.Despite strong energy source used (4 x 12L airgun array),no reflections can be observed from deeper levels within the basin.Towards NE the basin is bounded sharply by a clear and deep basement fault (Fault No.1),which seems to cut through the entire crust.A typical continental crust with low-velocity middle crust is found beneath the coast of the western Hainan Island.Its thickness is determined to be 28 km and shows no sign of crustal thinning towards the basin.The sharp change in crustal structure across Fault No.1 indicates that the fault is a strike-slip fault.The crustal structure obtained in this study clearly favors the hypothesis that the YGHB is a narrow pull-apart basin formed by strike-slip faulting of the Red River fault zone.