《上海市地图集》世博专版的设计特点

在《上海市地图集》(中国2010年上海世博会专版)设计与编制实践中,针对《上海市地图集》(以下简称《图集》)的编制背景和上海地域特色,突破了传统城市地图集的内容结构与表达模式,对该图集的内容框架、表示方法运用以及图形效果进行了富有特色的创新设计,使之成为世博会文化工程的亮点之一,获得了国内外一致好评。     

航海图四面体模型和未来发展

在信息与通信技术(information and communications technology,ICT)时代,电子航海图(electronic navigational chart,ENC)的迅猛发展使得纸质海图的未来引起航海界的广泛讨论.借鉴地图四面体模型,从4个层面探讨了航海图领域实地、纸质海图、电子海图和用...     

地图的按需印刷和复制

文中论述了按需印刷和复制的概念、应用特点及与传统印刷方式相比的优点。数字印刷是地图按需印刷和复制的技术基础，文中分析了其成像方法和设备情况。指出了地图按需印刷和复制的技术途径及技术难点。     

淤泥质海底航道边坡失稳滑塌声纹特征分析

边坡稳定是淤泥质海底航道安全运营的关键问题之一。海底航道边坡失稳滑塌过程的不同阶段浅地层剖面图像声纹特征不同。采用灰度共生矩阵和小波多尺度分解方法分析了航道边坡失稳滑塌过程浅地层剖面图像纹理特征。结果表明,对比度、能量、相关度和逆差距在边坡失稳滑塌过程中具有明显的差异,分别从不同方面刻画了浅地层剖面图像声纹的清晰度、纹理粗细、主要方向和规则性,以定量的形式显示其内在异质性。能量、相关度和逆差距的水平和垂直方向变化大于对角方向,水平方向波动最明显。浅地层剖面声强时间序列和垂向空间变化序列小波多尺度分解突出了声强变化的局部细节及其在各尺度上变化的强弱分布和突变点位置,克服了常规人工识读的困难,这些声纹特征是边坡失稳滑塌预测预警的重要依据,有助于对海底航道边坡稳定性的探测。     

Point Symbols: Investigating Principles and Originality in Cartographic Design

Abstract

This paper provides a summary of the proceedings and discussion at a conference entitled 'The Future History of Our Landscape', held in October 1992. This meeting explored the issues connected with the changing nature of the Ordnance Survey supply of spatial data, in particular its effect on the Copyright Libraries and their users. Technical and organisational matters concerned with the supply and use of digital data in the archival environment are considered.     

Urban flood hazard mapping using change detection on wetness transformed images

ABSTRACT

The present study demonstrates the use of a new approach for delineating the accurate flood hazard footprint in the urban regions. The methodology involves transformation of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery to a three-dimensional feature space, i.e. brightness, wetness and greenness, then a change detection technique is used to identify the areas affected by the flood. Efficient thresholding of the normalized difference image generated during change detection has shown promising results in identifying the flood extents which include standing water due to flood, sediment-laden water and wetness caused by the flood. Prior to wetness transformations, dark object subtraction has been used in lower wavelengths to avoid errors due to scattering in urban areas. The study shows promising results in eliminating most of the problems associated with urban flooding, such as misclassification due to presence of asphalt, scattering in lower wavelengths and delineating mud surges. The present methodology was tested on the 2010 Memphis flood event and validated on Queensland floods in 2011. The comparative analysis was carried out with the widely-used technique of delineating flood extents using thresholding of near infrared imagery. The comparison demonstrated that the present approach is more robust towards the error of omission in flood mapping. Moreover, the present approach involves less manual effort and is simpler to use.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor A. Viglione     

海区形势图的编制方法

如何设计并制作出内容丰富、形式多样、表现合理、清晰实用的海区形势图,是海图编辑人员必须认真思考和设法解决的问题。根据工作经验,就海区形势图的编制规律和特点进行了论述,并研究、归纳出一套海区形势图的编制方法。     

The construction of human–animal relations: National Jumps Day 2013 at Te Rapa,Hamilton, New Zealand

New Zealand is an important place for thoroughbred breeding and racing. Most races are on the flat, but jumps racing is conducted in the cooler months. The 2013 National Jumps Day at Te Rapa, Hamilton, was a significant space for the construction of human–animal relations. Drawing on three bodies of accounts, we ask whether social media contributes to the realignment of perspectives or reinforces existing human–animal relations. We explore competing narratives and demonstrate how animals, people, activities and places are constructed, including making animal deaths unrecognisable to perpetuate activities that are questioned by contemporary animal geographies.     

印刷颜色再现中的一些物理问题

印刷颜色再现涉及物理学、生理学和心理学等学科。本文主要讨论了其中涉及的部分物理问题。重点阐述了印刷网点与人眼最小分辨角；纸张及油墨的光渗透、光散射对印刷品呈色效果的影响及解决方法；灰元取代的色度学基础。