Scales of equilibrium and disequilibrium during cleavage formation in chlorite and biotite-grade phyllites, SE Vermont

Detailed electron microprobe analyses of phyllosilicates in crenulated phyllites from south‐eastern Vermont show that grain‐scale zoning is common, and sympathetic zoning in adjacent minerals is nearly universal. We interpret this to reflect a pressure‐solution mechanism for cleavage development, where precipitation from a very small fluid reservoir fractionated that fluid. Multiple analyses along single muscovite, biotite and chlorite grains (30–200 μm in length) show zoning patterns indicating Tschermakitic substitutions in muscovite and both Tschermakitic and di/trioctahedral substitutions in biotite and chlorite. Using cross‐cutting relationships and mineral chemistry it is shown that these patterns persist in cleavages produced at metamorphic conditions of chlorite‐grade, chlorite‐grade overprinted by biotite‐grade and biotite‐grade. Zoning patterns are comparable in all three settings, requiring a similar cleavage‐forming mechanism independent of metamorphic grade. Moreover, the use of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronology demonstrates this is true regardless of age. Furthermore, samples with chlorite‐grade cleavages overprinted by biotite porphyroblasts suggest the closure temperatures for the diffusion of Al, Si, Mg and Fe ions are greater than the temperature of the biotite isograd (>～400 °C). Parallel and smoothly fanning tie lines produced by coexisting muscovite–chlorite, and muscovite–biotite pairs on compositional diagrams demonstrate effectively instantaneous chemical equilibrium and probably indicate simultaneous crystallization. These results do not support theories suggesting cleavages form in fluid‐dominated systems. If crenulation cleavages formed in systems in which the chemical potentials of all major components are fixed by an external reservoir, then the compositions of individual grains defining these cleavages would be uniform. On the contrary, the fine‐scale chemical zoning observed probably reflects a grain‐scale process consistent with a pressure‐solution mechanism in which the aqueous activities of major components are defined by local dissolution and precipitation. Thus the role of fluids was probably limited to one of catalysing pressure‐solution and fluids apparently did not drive cleavage development.     

泌阳凹陷下第三系流体包裹体特征及其应用—Ⅱ.泌阳凹陷石油运移初探

流体包裹体研究结果表明，泌阳凹陷石油运移可划分为三个阶段，早期运移阶段、主要运移阶段和晚其运移阶段。根据流包裹体的显微测温结果计算邮各阶段石油运移的温度、压力和水介质条件。研究还表明：早期运移阶段发生于核二段地层沉积时到渐新世末期，深度为１９００－３０００ｍ；主要运移阶段伴随着温新世末的上升运动而开始，深度为１２００－２５００ｍ；晚期运移阶段发生于新世末以后，深度为２６００ｍ开始。主要运移阶段石油     

云贵地区二叠系瘤石灰岩的成因

云南东北部及贵州北部的二叠系中广泛发育了瘤石灰岩（亦称眼球石灰岩）。瘤石灰岩由颜色较浅、较纯净的石灰岩瘤和颜色较深、泥质含量较高、微缝合线发育密集的包层组成。组成瘤和包层的石灰岩类型一致,为生屑石灰岩、生屑质灰泥石灰岩、含生屑灰泥石灰岩或灰泥石灰岩。本次研究认为,瘤石灰岩是压溶成岩作用的产物,不是某种沉积环境的标志