高能偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪应用现状和进展

对高能偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪基本特点及其用于环境、生物、地质样品中痕量元素的分析和RoSH检测等领域的应用现状予以介绍,并对二次靶与滤光片在痕量元素分析中的应用作了探讨。     

XEPOS型偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪分析蒙古铁矿石

以熔融玻璃片和粉末压片制样,采用XEPOS型偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪,建立了铁矿石中总铁、氧化钙、氧化镁、二氧化硅、三氧化二铝、硫、磷、铜等组分的快速分析方法。着重讨论硫、磷两元素测定的可行性和Lucas-Tooth、Price数学校正模型的适应性和改善方法的途径。     

偏振激光散斑的相关性研究

采用发送一束线偏振激光产生散斑的方法，研究线偏振激光散斑、＂平均椭圆偏振＂激光散斑以及非偏振激光散斑的相关性和精细结构。指出：当漫射器为一片毛玻璃时，散斑激光是线偏振的．其方向与入射激光束相同；当漫射器为涂无光白漆的毛玻璃时，散斑激光是部分或全部退偏的，涂层越厚，退偏越甚。对于强线偏振散斑场，当偏振方向改变时，散斑的精细结构无明显变化，即使是两个正交方向上的散斑图，也保持良好的相关性。对于非偏振散斑场，当照明激光束的偏振方向改变时．散斑精细结构有明显变化。     

Aerosol polarized phase function and single-scattering albedo retrieved from ground-based measurements

Aerosol optical parameters, polarized phase function and single-scattering albdeo, have been retrieved from ground-based sun photometer measurements in Beijing 2003. The measured aerosol optical thickness varies from 0.12 to 0.77 with an average value of 0.39. The measured Ångström coefficient ranges from 0.75 to 1.47 with an average value of 1.21. The retrieved single-scattering albedo at 870 nm is within the 0.76–0.94 range and the average value is 0.85, suggests there are considerable aerosol absorptions in Beijing. The maximum value of retrieved polarized phase function at 870 nm ranges from 0.068 to 0.225 with an average value of 0.16, and it illustrates good correlations with the Ångström coefficient, i.e. the relative size of aerosol particles. Analyses of measurements and theoretical calculations show the polarized phase function is sensitive to aerosol size distribution and complex refractive index, especially the imaginary part of the refractive index which denotes aerosol light absorbing effects. These results suggest that the polarized phase function is an effective and unique aerosol optical parameter and is able to improve the retrieval of aerosol physical properties.     

SSM/I资料反演大范围地表湿度试验

利用SSM/ I遥感数据, 结合2002年汛期“973”外场观测资料及T106资料, 借助微波辐射传输正演模型, 通过物理反演原理提取SSM/ I低频19 GHz通道像元平均地表微波比辐射率, 然后利用地表微波辐射模型, 估算SSM/ I像元的地表湿度信息。以2002年8月中旬发生在长江流域的暴雨天气过程为例, 将反演得到的地表湿度信息与地面观测到的降水信息进行对比分析, 并与地面的洪涝特征进行对比分析, 得到了与地面降水观测结果较为一致的对比结果。     

偏振激发能量色散X荧光法在地球化学分析中应用及其与波长色散X荧光法的比较

偏振激发能量色散X射线荧光光谱(P-EDXRF)技术是20世纪末出现的新分析技术。国内采用X-Lab2000型仪器的初步研究表明，在总计数时间为600秒时，可以对近30种元素进行定量，检出限为0．5-30μg／g，与国际上发表的文献值基本一致。本工作通过约100个实际样品分析，并与波长色散X射线荧光法(WDXRF)分析结果的比较，对P-EDXRF的分析性能进行了评价。与WDXRF相比，P-EDXRF法具有分析速度快、设备购置费用低、运行成本低、全谱同时采集(有利于发现元素含量异常)等优点，因此特别适合地球化学填图样品的快速分析。而WDXRF在精度要求较高的分析中更具竞争力。     

Integrating ASTER and GLASS broadband emissivity products using a multi-resolution Kalman filter

In this study, the multi-resolution Kalman filter (MKF) algorithm, which can handle multi-resolution problems with high computational efficiency, was used to blend two emissivity products: the Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) (BBE) product and the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) narrowband emissivity (NBE) product. The ASTER NBE product was first converted into a BBE product. A new detrending method was used to transfer the BBEs into a process suitable for the MKF. The new detrending method was superior to the two existing methods. Finally, both the de-trended GLASS and ASTER BBE products were incorporated into the MKF framework to obtain the optimal estimation at each scale. Field measurements collected in North America were used to validate the integrated BBEs. Visually, the fusion map showed good continuity, with the exception of the border areas, and the quality of the fusion map was better than that of the original maps. The validation results indicate that the MKF improved the BBE product accuracy at the coarse scale. In addition, the MKF was capable of recovering missing pixels at a finer scale.     

Integrated approach of using ASTER-derived emissivity and pixel temperature for delineating different granitoids – a case study in parts of Dharwar Craton,India

We have delineated different granitoids based on variation in emissivity and relative surface temperature recorded in thermal bands of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) sensor of EO-1 satellite. In this regard, we have used emissivity normalization algorithm to derive broadband emissivity from thermal bands of ASTER sensor to delineate different lithounits of the granitoid family. We have compared emissivity and radiance image composites in terms of delineation of different granitoids. We have also used false colour composite (FCC) image derived using two emissivity bands and temperature (derived using emissivity normalisation method) bands to delineate different granitoids. We could differentiate different granitoids in the three-dimensional (3D) data space of ASTER-derived emissivity bands (second and third bands) and temperature bands. Based on the analysis of 3D scatter plot, we also proposed a ternary diagram of emissivity and temperature, which can be used to delineate different granitoids.     

积雪升华过程对高寒湿地陆气相互作用的影响

利用青海玉树隆宝地区2014年12月积雪升华过程的观测资料,分析了积雪升华过程中高寒湿地陆气相互作用特征及积雪深度对陆气相互作用的影响。结果表明：在降雪和积雪升华过程中,高寒湿地浅层土壤温度在短时期内有所升高,而深层土壤温度和土壤体积含水量对降雪过程的响应不敏感。积雪升华过程中净辐射、感热通量和潜热通量的日平均值增加,向上短波辐射的日平均值减少。积雪逐渐升华导致地表吸收的能量增加,同时地表向大气传递的能量也随之增加。随着积雪的逐步升华,感热占比和潜热占比逐渐升高,而土壤热通量占比和热储存占比逐渐降低。积雪深度增加会导致地表反照率和地表比辐射率增大,感热输送系数减小。     

高分五号全谱段光谱成像仪地表温度与发射率反演

地表温度在全球能量平衡和气候变化研究中具有重要意义。中国新一代高分辨率卫星高分五号卫星(GF-5)搭载的全谱段成像光谱仪有4个40 m空间分辨率的热红外波段,可以提供高空间分辨率的地表温度信息。本文提出了适用于全谱段成像光谱仪的温度与发射率分离TES(Temperature and Emissivity Separation)算法同时反演地表温度和发射率,为了提高大气校正精度,算法加入了水汽缩放WVS(Water Vapor Scaling)大气校正方法。首先利用Seebor V5.0全球大气廓线库构建模拟数据对算法精度进行了评价;然后利用张掖地区11景ASTER影像作为替代数据和同步的地面实测数据对算法精度进行了验证。模拟数据结果表明加入WVS方法后TES算法反演地表温度的RMSE由2.59 K降低到1.54 K,4个波段地表发射率的RMSE分别从0.122、0.12、0.102和0.037降低到0.042、0.04、0.028和0.026;地表验证结果表明本文算法反演的地表温度与站点实测值具有更好的一致性,平均Bias由1.08 K降低到0.47 K,RMSE由2.17 K降低到1.7 K;反演的各波段地表发射率与地面实测结果误差均小于1%。因此,本文提出的温度与发射率分离算法具有较高精度,可以利用GF-5数据获取高精度高空间分辨率的地表温度和发射率数据,服务于其他相关研究。