海参、海胆养殖水体中多抗性细菌抗性基因的初步研究

抗药性细菌对生态环境、养殖业以及人类健康构成严重威胁。以大连海参、海胆养殖场多抗性细菌筛选为基础,采用分子生物学手段对40株抗性细菌进行了氯霉素、土霉素及氟氯霉素抗性基因检测,探讨抗药性分子遗传机理,从而为控制抗药性细菌的产生和传播提供研究基础。     

氯霉素乙酰转移酶(CAT)基因在海带中的表达

于１９９４年１２月－１９９５年４月,在山东荣城海带育苗场采集海带幼孢子体,用基因枪法将氯氯素乙酰转移酶基因导入海幼孢子体中,４８ｈ后检测到瞬间表达,转化后恢复培养一周,以致死剂量氯霉素筛选,两周后对照组全部死亡,转化组７５株海带中有１１株存活,转化三个月后经ＣＡＴ酶联免疫（ＣＡＴＥＬＩＳＡ）分析,在１１株存活海带中有２株检测到ＣＡＴ基因的表达,结果初步证明了ＣＡＴ基因是海带基因工程的有效选择标记,     

四川软玉猫眼的谱学综合鉴定

采用拉曼光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、电子探针波谱以及X射线粉晶衍射谱对四川软玉猫眼进行谱学研究。结果表明软玉猫眼主要由透闪石组成。计算所得的平均化学式为：（Ca1.96Na0.02）（Mg4.52Fe0.59Mn0.03）5.14[（Si7.92Al0.04）7.96O23]。其红外吸收频率主要出现在940 cm^-1-1105 cm^-1、650 cm^-1-760 cm^-1和450 cm^-1-510 cm^-1范围内。3600cm^-1-3800 cm^-1范围内OH基伸缩振动拉曼谱带分裂,并向低波数方向位移,主要与Mg^2＋和Fe^2＋的含量有关。     

河南新乡宋墓家猫骨骼研究

2012年河南新乡市宋墓考古发掘出土一批动物骨骼,根据种属鉴定和观测比较,该批动物骨骼材料属于家猫.家猫(骨骼)安置于墓主身旁,是墓主入葬时作为饲宠特意放置的.猫骨骼表面没有发现任何人类行为痕迹(切割、砍击等).全部猫骨骼属于同一个家猫个体.保存下来的骨骼材料包括左、右下颌骨;左上颌骨;肱骨、尺骨、桡骨、股骨、胫骨、跖骨等,总计42件家猫骨骼.在家猫动物考古研究中,新乡宋墓家猫是我国同一地点发现家猫骨骼标本数(可鉴定标本数:NISP)最多的地点.特别需要关注的是,在该具家猫骨骼上,首次发现我国家畜考古中"偏侧咀嚼"现象.其特征为:右下颌的P4、m1齿尖,使用磨耗程度远远大于左下颌相同齿位齿尖.磨耗差距最大的部位在m1后尖顶端,右侧比左侧齿尖因磨耗而偏低2.10 mm,右侧m1后尖顶端已磨耗为平面、裸露齿质点,而左侧m1齿尖仍保留有完好锐尖.新乡宋墓家猫在我国动物考古中,还是首次发现以宠物猫进行陪葬的考古学文化现象.我国此前发现的家猫骨骼,主要出土于文化层或灰坑里,可能是被人们丢弃或自然死亡后被埋藏起来的.甚至还有少量猫骨可能是古代人食猫风俗的遗存.而新乡宋墓中的宠物猫,是人们为培养生活伴侣或寄托生活情趣而畜养的,是人们主要为满足精神生活需求而饲养的动物.我国此前动物考古研究有关"宠物"的发现为空白.新乡宋墓出土我国考古中第一只可以确定为宠物的家猫,为今后开展动物考古中有关"宠物"研究开启了良好开端.墓中出土的宠物猫还有严重"偏侧咀嚼"现象,该发现对家畜动物考古材料的演化研究等具有重要意义.     

Controlling introduced predators in the Gibson Desert of Western Australia

Three introduced predators, the dingo (Canis lupus dingo), the fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the feral cat (Felis catus) are widespread throughout the arid interior of Western Australia. While the dingo has been present for an estimated 3500–4000 years, the fox and the feral cat are relatively recent arrivals and have been implicated in the modern decline and in some cases extinction of arid zone fauna, especially medium size mammals. This paper reports on a long-term, large-scale project aimed at developing control strategies for these introduced predators. Broad area control of foxes and dingoes in the Gibson Desert using 40–60 g dried meat baits impregnated with the poison sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) and delivered by aircraft at a density of 5 baits km⁻² proved to be highly effective. Following a single aerial baiting of some 1600 km², foxes and dingoes were virtually eradicated from a core area for up to 15 months, but feral cats appeared to increase in abundance. Two aerial baitings (each 400 km²) carried out during periods of below average rainfall using a small (about 30 g) fresh meat bait developed to be attractive to feral cats reduced their abundance by an estimated 75% and 100% when baits were delivered at a density of 10 and 22 km⁻², respectively. A third aerial baiting at a density of 11 baits km⁻² carried out during a period of above average rainfall reduced feral cat density by only 25% when surveyed 3 months after baiting. Baiting density, frequency and season are key factors likely to affect the impact of baiting on feral cat populations. Preliminary studies reveal that the home range of feral cats in this environment varies from about 700 to 1200 ha. Reptiles and small native mammals form the major dietary items of feral cats and the seasonal variation in abundance of these items is likely to affect bait uptake. These observations have important implications for control strategies.