Reliability based risk index for the design of reinforced earth structures

The design methods currently used for earth reinforcement are mostly based on deterministic properties of both the soil and the construction materials used. Nowadays, however, the general trend is designing at a specific degree of reliability. This is even more true where the raw data such as soil properties exhibit significant variation. Deterministic solutions, in this case, may not suffice. Therefore, this paper will attempt to use probabilistic formulations thereby modifying the existing design procedure of reinforced earth retaining walls to account for uncertainties and variabilities. Through a first order Taylor's series expansion about the mean, the mean and variance of the strip reinforcing components, namely width and length, are derived in terms of the variations in the soil properties. Design charts that enable estimation of both mean and variance are developed to avoid extensive partial differentiation involved in the computations. Using appropriate probability distributions along with the mean and variance, the final design outputs are determined for a selected failure probability by introducing what is refered to as 'risk index'. The results indicate that the risk index increases with an increase in the coefficient of variations and a decrease in failure probability. Furthermore, it is shown that in some cases, depending on the variabilities of the soil properties, the classical design technique produced a relatively high failure probability. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

废弃防空洞及软弱地基的加固处理

针对工程填土地层及废弃防空洞,拟采用锤击沉管挤密碎石桩法进行加固处理。但在处理部分防空洞后,因震动大、噪音高,对周边居民和民居影响严重而停工。通过多次试验,摸索出钻孔夯填法并结合灌浆法回填防空洞,喷浆桩法加固软弱地基等经验,并对废弃防空洞的回填加固机理进行了简要分析。经检测,加固处理效果显著。至今,住宅楼建成4年使用正常。     

三峡工程永久船闸边坡岩体卸荷特性

从地貌学角度,分析了三峡工程永久船闸边坡岩体的自然及人为卸荷特性,指出了地表侵蚀、河流下切、开挖船闸等自然及人为地貌过程诱发了岩体的基本卸荷过程,构筑了一个三峡工程永久船闸边坡岩体卸荷特性的宏观模式。实地调砥及数值计算成果均表明,地貌分析法在分析实际岩体工程中,岩体卸荷特性方面具有较强的应用价值。     

昌马水库右岸山体稳定性研究

昌马水库导流排砂洞塌方导致右岸山体发生松动 ,本文在大量地质资料的基础上 ,对右岸岩体裂隙网络进行模拟 ,同时 ,采用极限分析能量法和有限元数值模拟方法等对右岸山体的稳定性进行分析研究 ,并提出相应的加固方案。     

Retrofit-reinforcement of cohesive soil slopes using high strength geotextiles with drainage capability

A series of geotechnical centrifuge physical modeling tests were performed to assess the potential use of a new cost-effective mechanically stabilized earth system for retrofitting marginally stable cohesive slopes. The proposed system utilizes the dual functions of reinforcement and drainage by directly inserting high strength non-woven geotextile strips into slopes, with little or no excavation required behind the slope face. The system significantly increases the factor of safety of potentially unstable cohesive slopes, and can be constructed at less expense and more rapidly than conventional mechanically stabilized earth systems.     

强夯法处理黄土地区公路地基试验研究

通过对湿陷性黄土地区的地基采用强夯法处理,并对处理前后的地基采用各种原位试验,得出地基有效加固深度,并对强夯法在湿陷性黄土地基加固效果进行评价,为类似工程的设计施工提供借鉴。     

复合加筋排水褥垫加固路基有限元计算

复合加筋排水褥垫是针对沿海缺砂地区开发的,具有水平排水与加筋作用的一项新型专利技术,可取代软基加固中的排水砂垫层。采用二维平面应变Biot固结有限元模型对复合加筋排水褥垫软土路堤进行了数值模拟,结果表明复合加筋排水褥垫可以满足水平排水要求,另外与传统的水平排水砂垫层相比,该技术可降低地基附加正应力和超孔隙水压力,有效抑制路基侧向变形的发展,减小路基沉降与不均匀沉降,提高路基稳定性,加筋效果显著。     

大岗山水电站坝肩边坡开挖支护有限元模拟

大岗山水电站坝肩边坡地质条件复杂,断层、岩脉、卸荷裂隙密集带、深部卸荷带及节理裂隙发育。为对该边坡在开挖支护过程中的应力、变形情况进行分析,采用弹黏塑性有限元软件EVP3D,利用弹塑性有限元法进行边坡稳定性的三维有限元计算,揭示边坡可能的失稳部位,对初拟的施工程序的合理性进行评价,并对边坡的支护方案提出建议。     

地理信息技术支持的“多规合一”——以常州市新北区为例

开展"多规合一"是推进生态文明建设、新型城镇化建设,落实供给侧改革的必然要求。本文以地理信息技术为基础,以土地利用规划为底盘,统一城乡规划、环保规划、农业发展规划等的空间基础;以经济社会发展规划为目标协调各规划,划定永久基本农田保护红线、生态保护红线、城市开发边界,实施严格的空间管控。最后,以常州市新北区为试验区,分析各规划的差异并落实重点项目,引导国土空间有序开发,优化资源空间配置,形成国土空间开发规划"一张图"。     

CFRP加固一字形竖缝耗能预制剪力墙抗震性能研究

以一字形竖缝耗能预制剪力墙作为研究对象,设计了3个装配式剪力墙试件及1个现浇剪力墙对比试件,进行低周往复荷载试验,并对破坏墙体进行CFRP加固,再次进行拟静力试验。试件变化参数包括轴压比、混凝土强度等级及配筋率,对比分析加固前后试件滞回性能、刚度退化、承载力和耗能能力等性能。试验结果表明,与现浇剪力墙相比,一字形竖缝耗能预制剪力墙工作性能良好,阻尼器屈服耗能提高了试件整体工作性能;CFRP加固可有效抑制墙体斜裂缝的发展,对墙体承载力及耗能能力均有显著改善作用;各试件均满足剪力墙弹塑性层间位移角限值要求,延性较好;试件整体表现出良好的抗震性能。