Groundmass pargasite in the 1991–1995 dacite of Unzen volcano: phase stability experiments and volcanological implications

Pargasite commonly occurs in the dacitic groundmass of the 1991–1995 eruption products of Unzen volcano. We described the occurrence and chemical compositions of amphibole in the dacite, and also carried out melting experiments to determine the low-pressure stability limit of amphibole in the dacite. The 1991–1995 ejecta of the Unzen volcano show petrographic evidence of magma mixing, such as reverse compositional zoning of plagioclase and amphibole phenocrysts, and we used a groundmass separate as a starting material for the experiments. Reversed experiments show that the maximum temperature for the crystallization of amphibole is 930°C at 196 MPa, 900°C at 98 MPa, and 820°C at 49 MPa. Compared with the experimental results on the Mount St. Helens dacite, present experiments on the Unzen dacitic groundmass show that amphibole is stable to pressures ca. 50 MPa lower at 850°C. Available Fe–Ti oxide thermometry indicates the crystallization temperature of the groundmass of the Unzen dacite to be 880±30°C, suggesting that the groundmass pargasite crystallized at >70 MPa, corresponding to a depth of more than 3 km in the conduit. The chlorine content of the groundmass pargasite is much lower than that of phenocrystic magnesiohornblende in the 1991–1995 dacite of Unzen volcano, indicating that vesiculation/degassing of magma took place before the crystallization of the groundmass pargasite. The present study shows that the magma was water oversaturated and that the degassing of magma along with magma mixing caused crystallization of the groundmass amphibole at depths of more than 3 km in the conduit.     

石榴石辉石岩的单斜辉石中韭闪石和钛铁矿出溶结构及地质意义

本文首次报道了在苏鲁超高压变质带胡家岭地区石榴石辉石岩中发现的韭闪石出溶结构。该石榴石辉石岩是由石榴子石、单斜辉石以及镁铝尖晶石、钛铁矿和磁铁矿组成。在石榴子石巨斑晶中有单斜辉石包体，单斜辉石包体中又有石榴子石包体以及大量韭闪石出溶片晶和钛铁矿( 磁铁矿)出溶棒。单斜辉石中韭闪石出溶片晶呈平行条带状，其宽度在1～10μm之间。透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察韭闪石的(010)面平行于主晶透辉石的(010)面，且两者的界面在纳米尺度上是连续过渡的，证明韭闪石是出溶形成的。大量钛铁矿出溶棒的定向排列也显示出它们是自然出溶形成的。从单斜辉石出溶的矿物组合推测其原始单斜辉石成分中应富含H2O、Na和Ti，属高压型单斜辉石。该石榴石辉石岩经历了超高压变质作用后，在抬升减压过程中形成这些出溶结构。大量钛铁矿出溶棒均斜切韭闪石出溶片晶，表明该超高压岩石在减压过程中至少经历了两期以上导致温压明显变化的地质事件。     

内蒙古文圪气镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩体中环带角闪石矿物学特征及成因

内蒙古文圪气镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体主要由辉石岩和角闪石岩组成,普遍发育角闪石环带的角闪石岩位于岩体南部,呈伟晶结构,主要由角闪石(>95%)和磷灰石(3%～5%)组成。选取环带较明显的两个角闪石样品,采用EMPA和LA-ICPMS分别做主量和微量成分剖面,环带角闪石边部为铁韭闪石,核部为韭闪石。从核部到边部,SiO2、MgO、Na2O含量逐渐降低,Al2O3、TiO2、FeOT、K2O和碱金属(Na2O+K2O)逐渐升高。中稀土、重稀土元素和Sc最大值位于核部,最小值位于边部;轻稀土元素、高场强元素、大离子亲石元素及过渡金属元素最大值位于幔边部,最小值位于核部,反映了核部氧逸度较高、温度和压力较低,边部氧逸度较低、温度和压力较高,是两期不同成分、温度、压力和氧逸度岩浆结晶的表现,并且角闪石岩受到后期高氧逸度低温热液的改造。环带角闪石的形成机理与文圪气岩体中铂族元素矿化过程相吻合。文圪气岩体与华北地台北缘中泥盆世镁铁质-超镁铁质岩具有相同的岩石组成、成因和构造背景,环带角闪石具有幔源角闪石特点,核部平均温度大于732℃,边部大于770℃,核、边部温度均小于950℃,结晶压力≤272 MPa,结晶深度≤12.4km。环带角闪石的结晶过程可能与文圪气岩体中铂族元素的成矿过程类似。