塔里木盆地西南部麦盖提斜坡构造演化过程的 记录——生长地层及生长不整合

根据塔里木盆地西南部麦盖提斜坡生长地层的发育模式,并结合不整合类型及发育特征的变化规律,探讨了麦盖提斜坡的构造演化过程。认为在早古生代时期,麦盖提斜坡为一北倾的斜坡,构造高点位于斜坡南部;晚古生代,麦盖提斜坡的构造演化过程具有明显的分段性,斜坡西段主要的构造演化时期始于早石炭世,并持续至早二叠世,构造高点迁移至斜坡中部,呈现出"中间高、两头低"的古构造特征;而斜坡东段的主要构造演化时期推迟至晚二叠世。新生代,麦盖提斜坡已反转为南倾的斜坡,构造高点已迁移至斜坡北部,斜坡东段从前中新世开始进入构造演化时期,而西段则推迟至中新世,且东段的构造活动强度要大于西段。     

利用回剥分析重建古构造格局——以川、鄂、湘边区为例

利用回剥分析重建了川、鄂、湘边区二叠系底二叠纪末、中三叠世末、三叠纪末及中侏罗世末的古构造格局,结果表明：二叠纪末古构造形态较复杂,由NE,EW及近SN向3组构造叠加而成, 以NE,EW向构造为主;中三叠世末,其构造格局为两坳一隆一斜坡,以发育近SN向构造为主;三叠纪末,构造面埋深明显增大,主要隆起和坳陷更加醒目;中侏罗世末,总的构造格局为南高北低,构造走向近EW向。黄陵背斜是中生代开始发育的继承性古隆起,而当阳复向斜是与黄陵背斜同期形成的。晚古生代末至中生代,江南隆起开始形成并不断发育。     

大兴安岭呼中火山岩区中生代古构造应力场初探

大兴安岭火山岩带北段呼中火山岩区,在中-晚侏罗世时期,最大主压应力轴方向为NW266°~316°,早白垩世最大主压应力轴为NE12°~50°,显示侏罗纪与白垩纪应力场的应力状态是截然不同的,但都处于拉张环境下。中-晚侏罗世由于NNE-SSW向的拉伸应力场的作用,在本区北部发生构造岩浆活动,形成了上黑龙江断陷盆地如NWW向展布的劲涛-蒙克山中基性火山喷发带,派生的NEE向张扭性应力使前中生代基底构造重新活动,形成大面积火山喷发。而早白垩世在NE-SW向拉伸应力场作用下,"额尔古纳地块"东部形成拗陷带,火山基底构造为NE-NNE向。      

地理信息系统应用于油气勘探开发的历史、现状与发展趋势

地理信息系统（GIS）是处理空间数据的软件系统,其基本模块包括空间数据的组织、查询、可视化及空间关系分析与决策支持,主要功能为空间数据的获取、管理、分析及可视化表达。作为地理信息科学的重要组成部分,地理信息系统在社会生活的各领域已得到了越来越广泛的应用,它的广泛应用为油气勘探开发研究中的古构造重建、储层研究、油气运移路径分析及资源评价等提供了新的信息处理辅助手段和工具。本文分析了地理信息系统在油气勘探开发中的地位和作用,详细介绍了它在油气勘探开发中的应用的历史和现状,并结合当前地理信息系统领域的研究热点和油气勘探开发研究的实际,探讨了其在油气勘探开发领域应用的前景及发展方向。     

河南桐柏刘山岩铜锌矿床成因及古大地构造环境

根据河南省桐柏县刘山岩铜锌矿床矿石石英中流体包裹体,稀土元素,硫、铅同位素等资料,揭示了该矿床为海底火山喷流-沉积成因.矿石的稀土元素分配模式为轻稀土元素富集型,多数有Eu正异常和Ce负异常.硫同位素组成平均为3.32‰,硫的主要来源为火山岩中的硫与海水硫的混合.铅同位素组成变化不大,属正常铅.流体包裹体资料表明,该矿床与成矿作用有关的热卤水为中至中-高温度、中至中-高盐度的NaCl-H2O-CO2体系.火山岩系微量元素的测试结果表明,含矿火山岩系的岩石组合为双峰式,属于拉斑玄武岩和钙碱性系列.火山岩系的微量元素模式以亏损Rb、Th、Nb、Sr、P、Ti,富集Ba、K和轻稀土元素为特征.在微量元素的构造判别图上,火山岩样品集中在弧后盆地和板内玄武岩附近的范围内.因此,火山岩系的大地构造属性为大陆弧后盆地型.     

布尔台矿井构造特征与形成机制

针对布尔台矿井发育的中小型构造严重制约煤矿综采问题,通过详细的井下地质观测和地表地质调查,从构造几何学和构造成因研究入手,讨论了矿井构造成因类型、古构造应力场以及构造形成机制。研究表明:布尔台矿井次级褶皱是延安组在晚侏罗世受NNE-SSW向挤压应力作用,浅部构造层次发生纵弯褶皱变形的产物,且变形强度弱-中等。破裂型层滑断层、揉皱型层滑断层、复合型层滑断层、高角度正断层及其伴生的牵引褶皱,是延安组在早白垩世晚期NE-SW向近水平拉伸应力作用下发生大规模的伸展滑脱运动形成的。两期构造叠加形成了现今的构造格架。     

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系孔洞充填特征分析

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系以碳酸盐岩溶蚀孔洞为主要的油气储集空间.通过100余口钻井300余个岩石薄片,以单个薄片的溶斑为研究对象,发现孔洞的充填程度在区域上具有明显的分带性,东、西部地区发育的孔洞被完全充填,孔隙消失殆尽,而中部地区孔洞被部分充填,存在大量的剩余孔隙,为油气储集提供了有利空间.孔洞充填物主要为白云石、方解石以...     

Palaeomagnetism and palaeogeography of Variscan formations of the Bohemian massif: A comparison with other regions in Europe

Summary Statistical evaluation of palaeomagnetic data from the Early Carboniferous to the Middle Triassic rocks in Europe, north of the Alpine tectonic belt, confirmed previously defined palaeotectonic stability of the whole European Plate since the Early Permian. The Trans-European Suture Zone represents a plate boundary, SW of which the Early Variscan and pre-Variscan formations show different degrees of palaeotectonic rotations, predominantly rotations of clockwise sense. A theoretical model simulating the translation and rotation movements was proposed showing that the West European Variscides underwent Hercynian palaeotectonic rotations comparable with the rotations derived for the Alpine tectonic belt.     

Orientations of palaeotectonic features as a key to understanding the neotectonic block rotation of the Kocaeli peninsula,NW Turkey

Due to northward subduction of Neotethys, the ?stanbul zone collided with the Sakarya zone in northwest Turkey during the early Eocene. Subsequently, this region was subjected to compressional forces during the late Eocene–early Miocene period. Folds, thrusts and reverse faults developed approximately parallel to long axes of the ?stanbul zone. NNW–SSE oriented conjugate strike‐slip faults developed with continued contraction. In addition to the orientations of palaeotectonic features, the morphotectonic, stratigraphic and seismic characteristics expose differences between the northeastern Marmara peneplain and the southern Black Sea highland. This study reports causes of this diversity reflecting the neotectonic evolution of the ?stanbul zone. The diversity is related to the clockwise rotation of the Kocaeli peninsula between two dextral zone‐bounding faults and two sinistral block‐bounding faults. The principle factors of this process were the development of the North Anatolian fault zone (NAFZ) and the related evolution of the Adapazar?–Karasu fault zone (AKFZ), the Bosphorus fault zone (BFZ) and the Northern Boundary fault (NBF).     

Geochemical constraints on the tectonic setting of basaltic host rocks to the Windy Craggy Cu-Co-Au massive sulphide deposit,northwestern British Columbia

Windy Craggy is an approximately 300 Mt Cu-Co-Au volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposit in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. The Windy Craggy deposit is hosted by the Middle Tats Volcanics (MTV), a Late Triassic volcano-sedimentary sequence of intercalated mafic pillowed to massive volcanic flows and sills and calcareous argillite that are part of the Alexander terrane. The host footwall and hangingwall flows and sills are predominantly alkalic basalts (Nb/Y > 0.70). MTV alkali basalts at Windy Craggy are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) >100X chondrite compared to chondrite, have steep REE patterns [(La/Yb)_cn = 7.1–25.4], and generally lack the Ta and Nb depletions relative to primitive mantle (e.g. [Nb/Th]_pm = 0.68–1.94) characteristic of arc environments, although most have [Nb/La]_pm < 1. By contrast, volcanic rocks away from the deposit (and regionally; Lower Tats Volcanics, LTV) as well as late dikes that cross-cut all lithologies including metamorphic and deformational fabrics are sub-alkalic tholeiitic to calc-alkaline basalts and basaltic andesites that are less enriched in the LREEs (10–100X chondrite), have less steep REE patterns [(La/Yb)_cn = 0.41–10.6], and show well-developed Ta and Nb depletions (arc signatures; [Nb/Th]_pm = 0.20–0.79), consistent with formation in an oceanic arc environment. The co-occurrence of tholeiitic/calc-alkaline arc rocks with alkalic rocks indicates that the LTV (former) and MTV (latter) formed from melts that were influenced to varying degrees by subducted oceanic crust, and likely formed within a back-arc basin setting formed on a rifted oceanic arc. There is no geochemical or isotopic evidence for major involvement of continental crust. The LTV basalts likely were produced by progressive depletion in the source by partial melting of mantle overlying the subducting oceanic crust. The presence of the MTV alkalic Windy Craggy rocks overlying the LTV is consistent with the presence of a slab-window, perhaps related to subduction of a spreading centre, which allowed more enriched magmas to reach the surface with only minimal interaction with subduction-modified mantle. The presence of this slab-window might have provided the mechanism for the generation of anomalously high heat flow close to the seafloor, which initiated and sustained vigorous, long-lived hydrothermal activity necessary for the precipitation of large accumulations of massive sulphide. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a large VMS deposit associated with a slab-window.