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1.
This article presents a physical model for frictional pendulum isolators (FPS) that is ready to be implemented in most commercial software. The model is capable of accounting for effects such as large deformations, sticking, and uplift and impact by sensing the normal loads in the isolators through a gap element. Sticking has been incorporated into the model by extending the Park–Wen hysteretic model to the case of large deformations. The proposed model has been tested against a theoretically ‘exact’ formulation leading to essentially identical results. To facilitate its use, the physical FPS model has been cast into a typical non‐linear structural element format, i.e. with deformation as input and restoring force as output. Examples of a building and a bridge have been chosen to show the potential of the element and to provide further insight into the earthquake response of structures with FPS isolators; in particular, in aspects such as the orientation in placement of the isolator, sticking, P? Δ, and other large deformation effects. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
重点介绍了福建马坑矿区ZK8321分支孔受控定向钻进技术。施工中运用了国内先进的螺杆钻造斜技术及光纤陀螺测量定向技术,避开上部复杂孔段(松散破碎层、溶洞地层、采空区等)及对勘探工作的影响,达到了施工目的;总结了施工技术难点与措施,分析了施工技术效果,积累了宝贵的施工经验。 相似文献
3.
The effectiveness of seismic isolation in protecting structural and non‐structural elements from damage has been assessed in an extensive programme of shaking‐table tests, carried out on four identical 1/3.3‐scale, two‐dimensional, reinforced concrete (R/C) frames. Four different isolation systems were considered, namely: (i) rubber‐based, (ii) steel‐based, (iii) shape memory alloy (SMA)‐based and (iv) hybrid, i.e. based on both SMA and steel components, isolation systems. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the main results of the experimental tests on base‐isolated models, whose structural response is described through: (i) maximum base displacements; (ii) maximum interstorey drifts; (iii) maximum storey accelerations and (iv) maximum storey shear forces. The evolution of the fundamental frequency of vibration of the R/C frame during the tests is also described. The beneficial effects of using base isolation resulted in no or slight damage, under strong earthquakes, to both structural and non‐structural members, as well as to the internal content of the building. The comparison with the experimental results obtained in shaking‐table tests on similar fixed‐base models emphasizes these positive aspects. Finally, advantages and drawbacks related to the use of each isolation system are discussed in the paper. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
The concept of distributed strain‐sensing techniques has been proposed in our recent research, which was dedicated to utilizing the strain distributions throughout the full or partial areas of structures to detect arbitrary and unforeseen damage. An algorithm not requiring a detailed analytical model is presented for damage locating in flexural structures through the direct use of dynamic responses recorded by distributed long‐gauge strain sensors. The modal macro‐strain vector (MMSV), which has been proven to have a mapping relation with displacement mode shape, can be extracted directly from macro‐strain time‐series data, from which a damage evaluating index can be derived and used as an indicator for locating damage. Numerical examples are simulated to verify the sensitivity and effectiveness of the index in different cases. Furthermore, experimental investigations on a cantilevered beam with various long‐gauge fibre optic sensors placements are carried out to examine the feasibility and applicability of the proposed method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
二轴晶光率体光性正负有两种判别方法:一种是根据光轴角(2V)的锐角平分线(Bxa)与Ng一致还是与Np一致来判别,其临界点是2y=90°;另一种是根据三个主拆射率的相对大小来判别.由于二轴晶光率体为三轴椭球体,在其临界点Ng一Nm=Nm一Np时,光轴角并不等于90°。就是说,两种判别方法的临界点不一致。本文从光率体几何特性研究入手,通过几何及数学方法,着重讨论上述两种判别方法在其临界点时的相对关系,并结合实际例证,认为二轴晶光率体光性正负的临界点不能只确定为一个点,而应限定在一个范围,即2V=90°到Ng-Nm=Nm-Np之间。 相似文献
6.
Development and testing of a serially multiplexed fiber optic sensor system is described. The sensor differs from conventional
fiber optic acoustic systems, as it is capable of sensing AE emissions at several points along the length of a single fiber.
Multiplexing provides for single channel detection of cracks and their locations in large structural systems. An algorithm
was developed for signal recognition and tagging of the AE waveforms for detection of crack locations. Laboratory experiments
on plain concrete beams and post-tensioned FRP tendons were performed to evaluate the crack detection capability of the sensor
system. The acoustic emission sensor was able to detect initiation, growth and location of the cracks in concrete as well
as in the FRP tendons. The AE system is potentially suitable for applications involving health monitoring of structures following
an earthquake
Supported by: National Science Foundation, Grant number CMS-9900338 相似文献
7.
叶绿素荧光是光合作用的有效探针,可用于海洋浮游植物的监测与定量评估。太阳诱导叶绿素荧光覆盖可见光—近红外650—800 nm,在~685 nm与~740 nm表现出两个形态不同的荧光峰特征。基于~685 nm荧光峰的叶绿素浓度反演算法较为成熟,但在高悬浮物和高叶绿素浓度的水体中,算法的有效性不足。基于叶绿素荧光在氧气吸收谱段(O2-A)的填充作用,水体遥感反射率光谱~761 nm峰值中包含有太阳诱导叶绿素荧光信号,能用于水体叶绿素浓度的估算,但该反射峰形态特征还取决于传感器的光谱分辨率。本研究基于不同光谱分辨率的大气吸收谱线特征,模拟了水体遥感反射率光谱(750—775 nm)上太阳诱导叶绿素荧光的信号响应特征;分析了利用遥感反射率(~761 nm)计算叶绿素荧光的原理,阐明了不同光谱分辨率条件下水体叶绿素荧光信号在反射光谱上的形态变化规律。采用水面以上测量法获取的离水光谱辐亮度,包含了水面的菲涅尔反射信号,由于真实的菲涅尔系数难以准确测量,这给基于~761 nm处遥感反射率峰值的荧光信号估算带来不确定性影响。研究表明,假定菲涅尔系数为0时,虽然~761 nm叶绿素荧光信号与其浓度具有较好的线性统计关系,但却带来较大的不确定性;这种不确定的影响,在低浓度叶绿素水体中表现明显,在高浓度叶绿素水体中,影响相对较小;准确估算菲涅尔系数,有助于减少这种不确定性影响。对基于遥感反射率~761 nm叶绿素荧光信号的深入探讨,将能推动未来水体叶绿素荧光的识别与利用。 相似文献
8.
光纤时间传输及相位补偿 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了国外几种利用光纤进行时间频率传递的方法和经验.对无补偿光纤时间频率传递方法、双向时间频率传递方法、光学机械温度补偿方法及电子共轭相位补偿方法作了较详细的描述.光纤时延主要随温度而变化,在200 km以内,时延的日变化为几纳秒,月变化为十几纳秒.在50 km内利用光纤传输100 MHz频率信号时,在不补偿情况下频率稳定度为: 3×10-14/s,1×10-15/d;光学补偿后的频率稳定度可达到1.5×10-14/s,1×10-17/d.电子共轭相位补偿后,温度变化20℃引起的相位变化降低了45倍.光纤传输对短期频率稳定度影响较小,对日及更长期的频率稳定度影响较大. 相似文献
9.
随着对光纤中非线性效应研究的不断深入,光纤分布式传感器得到了广泛的研究和应用.本文介绍了光纤传感的应用领域,综述了基于布里渊散射、拉曼散射及瑞利散射3种散射光实现不同类型光纤分布式传感的原理,最后从光纤分布式传感优势方面对其未来发展方向进行了展望. 相似文献
10.