大型制像工程分块壁板测量方法

一般大型制像工程要经过小比例模型(1∶10)、1∶1石膏模型及艺术重塑、分块壁板铸造与室内预组装、现场安装等工艺流程。阐述由1∶1石膏模型到现场安装的成型测绘技术,包括大型制像工程中分块壁板的结构特点、安装技术要求、测量安装定位方法以及建造过程中所涉及的测量技术要求等,并以在建的某48m大佛头部安装为工程实例,详细阐述分块壁板测绘、室内预组装、现场安装的测控技术流程,评定石膏模型分块角点的测量精度。进而,总结出一套适于大型制像工程的测绘技术和方法,为同类制像工程提供借鉴和帮助。     

Testing and evaluation of strength and deformation behaviour of jointed rocks

The objective of the paper is to derive the strength and modulus properties of rockmass as a function of intact rock strength and joint factor. The joint factor reflects the combined effect of joint frequency, joint inclination and joint strength. A study for the strength and deformation characteristics of jointed rock is done by conducting standard laboratory tests on cylindrical specimens of plaster of Paris after introducing artificial joints. The specimens having one to four joints at different inclinations which vary from 0° to 90° were tested at different confining conditions. The test results were examined to understand the effect of joint frequency and joint inclination on the strength and deformation behaviour of rock mass. Empirical correlations were developed for prediction of the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of jointed rocks. Results are compared with the earlier work on jointed specimens covering a wide variety of rocks. So, knowing the intact rock properties and the joint factor, the jointed rock properties can be estimated. These relations can be used for developing an equivalent continuum model for rock mass for handling boundary value problems. A failure criterion as proposed by Ramamurthy (1993 Ramamurthy, T. 1993. “Strength and modulus response of anisotropic rocks”. In Comprehensive rock engineering, Edited by: Hudson, J.A. Vol. 1, 313–329. Oxford: Pergamon Press.  [Google Scholar]) has been validated from these experimental results.     

库车-喀什北缘山前带构造特征及成因分析

通过地震非地震联合解释及多年的勘探研究,认为受基底结构、构造演化、逆冲及走滑断裂等影响,库车-喀什北缘山前冲断带具有东西分段、南北分带的构造特征。自西向东分为喀什北缘、柯坪断隆和库车坳陷三大段,受近南北向逆冲挤压作用,每段均发育多排北东-南西向展布的逆冲褶皱带,其中库车坳陷主要由克拉苏、依奇克里克、秋里塔格构造带及乌什、拜城、阳霞凹陷等呈斜列式展布的次级构造单元组成。普遍发育的膏盐岩塑性层在一系列逆冲和走滑断裂的作用下,使得山前带构造样式更为复杂,发育断层转折褶皱、断层传播褶皱、滑脱褶皱和盐底辟(刺穿)构造等四种基本构造样式及多种组合样式。     

Water Flow, Trophic Depletion, and Benthic Macrofauna Impoverishment in a Submarine Cave from the Western Mediterranean

Abstract. Biotic zonation and severe impoverishment of benthic macrofauna are two of the most conspicuous features of submarine caves. The prevailing explanation assumes trophic depletion caused by reduction of water flow. However, no isolation of water was found in the studied Catalan submarine cave, even in the wall microlayer. Fluorescein diffusion was so fast that it was detectable everywhere in the cave already only a few minutes after the injection. The rate of dissolution of plaster spheres was even greater in the cave than in a nearby tunnel – without benthic macrofauna impoverishment – showing a considerable water flow. The oxygen concentration of water in dialysis bags placed at varying distances from the cave walls showed that no wall microlayer gradients were present.
Biochemical gradients did not indicate any decrease in food supply. Although photosynthetic pigment concentration generally decreased inside the cave, and although the gradients were not linear but formed different patterns throughout the cave, the BOD₅, the POM, the C:N ratio, the [³H]-thymidine incorporation rate, and the ETS activity were higher in the inner part of the cave. There was an accumulation of detritic material and bacteria in the inner parts that constitute a plausible food supply for benthic macrofauna.
If neither water motion nor food supply can be invoked, research into the causes of zonation and disappearence of benthic macrofauna is proposed to be carried out on biotic interactions and behavioural processes.     

敦煌壁画计算机存贮与管理信息系统研究

该研究以０４５号窟为例，应用近景摄影测量、数字图象处理、色度学和信息系统理论和技术方法，以现有的仪器设备为基础，对洞窟内壁画、塑象等进行近景摄影测量、图象几何纠正和彩色失真矫正，建立了可操作的“敦煌壁柬计算机存贮与管理信息系统”。为敦煌英高窟壁画、逆象等文物图象数据永久保存、修复、还原和进一步开发研究等提供服务。     

黄陵一号井快速堵水工程中的综合物探技术

使用地面高分辨电测深法与稳态瑞利波法为主,浅层地震和流量监测为辅的快速综合物探技术,对黄陵一号井小煤窑突水通道进行多方法、多参数、多方位聚焦快速综合探测,克服了单项物探多解性的缺点,大大提高了探测准确度。按照该物探结果进行地面注浆,堵水率达到95%以上,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。      

基于高光谱数据的壁画底稿信息提取

壁画底稿有助于探测壁画艺术的历史信息,具有重要的研究价值,本文设计了半自动提取壁画底稿信息的“三步法”:针对高光谱数据量大、相邻波段相关性高的特点,利用主成分分析实现原始数据的降维;选出含底稿信息量大的特征波段;并利用最大似然分类法实现基于特征波段合成影像的壁画底稿信息提取.结果表明,该方法能够减少数据处理量,提高分类效率与分类精度,明显恢复壁画的底稿轮廓,为以后的文化遗产保护工作提供一个可行的方案.     

湿度对盐溶液在壁画地仗中的毛细迁移影响研究

盐溶液在地仗中毛细迁移引起的盐分迁移、富集已成为壁画病害发生的重要原因。研究不同湿度条件下盐溶液在模拟地仗中的毛细迁移过程对可溶盐再分布的影响。分析不同湿度条件下毛细上升高度随时间的变化关系,含水率和电导率随高度变化关系,毛细饱和后试样表面变化情况及可溶盐含量随试样高度的分布。试验结果表明,空气相对湿度越低,毛细上升过程中水分向空气中迁移越多,水分难以向上迁移。试样的含水率随高度呈递减趋势,而电导率随试样高度增加而增大。可溶盐在毛细水上升过程中发生结晶分异,毛细前锋以NaCl结晶富集为主,亚前锋以Na2SO4结晶富集为主。其研究结果可以为壁画盐害的防治提供基础科学依据。     

心肌桥的螺旋CT血管造影成像特点及其与冠状动脉粥样硬化关系

目的:探讨心肌桥的多排螺旋CT血管造影成像特点及与冠状动脉粥样硬化之间的关系。方法:对92名患者进行CT冠状动脉血管造影及图像后处理(最大密度投影、曲面重组、容积重组),分析其影像改变及特点;并分析左前降支肌桥与冠状动脉粥样硬化发生关系。结果:92例病例共检出心肌桥23例,检出率25%。其中左前降支中段18例,占78.2%;临近心肌桥段冠状动脉与无心肌桥相同部位冠状动脉斑块的发生存在统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:螺旋CT血管造影是诊断心肌桥的有效且无创的方法之一;心肌桥为冠状动脉粥样硬化发生的重要因素。     

敦煌壁画计算机存贮与管理信息系统中的图像处理

准确无误的获取和再现洞窟内壁画和佛龛的数字图像是建立敦煌壁画计算机存贮与管理信息系统的关键技术之一。本文讨论了利用计算机技术和摄影测量技术获取壁画的数字图像,并依据近景摄影测量原理和色度学原理对数字图像进行几何纠正和色彩失真矫正的方法,结果表明通过数字图像处理可以达到较高的几何纠正精度和色彩还原效果,为壁画计算机存贮与管理打下基础