Modelling and inversion of single-ended refraction data from the shot gathers of multifold deep seismic reflection profiling—an approach for deriving the shallow velocity structure

A multifold crustal-scale deep seismic near-vertical reflection profile generates a large number of single-ended shot gathers, which provide redundant data sets because of overlapping coverage of the shallow refractors. We present an approach for deriving the shallow velocity structure by modelling and inversion of single-ended seismic refraction first arrival traveltime data. We apply this method to a data set acquired with a 12-km long spread with 100 m spacing of shots and receivers, of the Neoproterozoic Marwar basin in the NW Indian shield. The approach is shown to be quite successful for delineating the shallow refractor depths, steep dips and velocities, even in the absence of regular reverse refraction profiles. The study reveals two-layered sedimentary formations, Malani volcanics and a complicated basement configuration of the Marwar basin, and provides a measure of resolution and uncertainty of the estimated model parameters. A seismic section of the near-trace gather is found to be qualitatively consistent with the derived structural features of the basin. The relative highs and lows, observed in the Bouguer gravity profile, further corroborate the derived velocity model. The present approach can be especially useful in offshore areas and elsewhere, where the single-ended multifold seismic profiles are the only available data sets.     

湘西碳酸岩山区页岩气地震勘探采集技术研究

湖南湘西碳酸盐岩山区不同时期灰岩出露,岩性变化较大,且受风化、淋滤、剥蚀作用,溶洞、裂缝十分发育,导致地震波能量衰减严重,且地震波传播路径和地震波场的复杂,地震原始资料信噪比较低。针对上述问题,采用单/双井微测井相结合的精细浅表层结构调查方法,结合药柱长度和爆炸理论计算出的爆炸半径,动态设计井深激发方式。通过室内模拟计算,研究低频检波器多串、线性等组合接收方式在区内压制面波、折射波、多次折射及侧面波等多波干扰的效果,最终选择2串24个检波器等灵敏度组合及小道距、高覆盖观测等关键采集技术。实践表明,该区选择的观测系统较好的克服了南方岩溶地区地震勘探信噪比低的问题,具有极强的推广价值。     

论地体综合构造热演化-试以青藏为例

作者在论述地体绘合构造热演化研究的意义和论证构造演化和热演化之间存在着成因联系的基础上，结合青藏工作实际，系统地阐述了:(1)在构造热演化模型设计中必须遵循概全性与概略性相结合的原则;模型因子应是概全的，但模拟的方法则是简略的;(2)以构造演化为框架、以热演化为本构的研究方法。文中列出了包括放射性生热(Q_r，地体应变生热(Q_s)，断层摩擦生热(Q_f) .岩石圈底熔减薄增热(Q_b)等多元热源项在内的二维昨稳态热传导一平流方程，作为应用有限差分与有限单元相结合方法求解宏观地质区构造热演化课题的通用方程。