Producer Services Research in Europe*

Four directions in producer services research in Europe are identified: the economic role of producer services for urban and regional development; the location of advanced producer services; the role of regional structures and innovative “milieu”; and local development and labor markets. Issues for future research include the role of producer services in the urban structuring and/or restructuring of world cities; the relation between producer services and interregional disparities; the integration of producer services into networks; and the impacts of the liberalization of producer services.     

Proximity and complexity in the emergence of high technology industry: The oxbridge comparison

This paper examines similarities and differences in the emergence of high-tech enterprise and the growth of associated industry in Cambridgeshire and Oxfordshire since the 1960s. These cases are viewed as instances of a generic phenomenon: the emergence and growth of the science-based ‘innovative milieu’. A conceptual scheme drawn from complexity studies is used to introduce explanatory coherence into the apparently scattered and disconnected factors relevant to the genesis of high-tech milieux.     

Sur la structure,l'âge et l'origine des « brèches de Bosmendiette » (Pyrénées-Atlantiques)

By us considered as Albo-Aptian in age and generated through halokinetic processes, the Bosmendiette breccias have been recently interpreted as Selandian (Palaeocene) globigerine-bearing sediments deposited in sub-marine canyons within a deep trough crossing the Pyrenees, from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. These breccias are really azoic in their lower part and contain a scarce microfauna including radolarians and benthic foraminifera at the top of the formation. They are unconformably covered by the Urgo-Aptian limestones and marls and indicate, under opening marine conditions, Lower Cretaceous collapse movements and northward sliding of the Jurassic slumped cover, related to the growth of the Béloscare–Apoura diapir. To cite this article: J. Canérot et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).     

Approche hydrogéologique et hydrochimique des échanges hydrodynamiques entre aquifères profond et superficiel du bassin du Djérid,Tunisie

Résume

L'étude basée sur l'interprétation des données hydrochimiques (éléments majeurs) et isotopiques (¹⁸O, ²H, ³H et ¹⁴C) des eaux souterraines du bassin du Djérid (sud-ouest tunisien) a permis de comprendre les relations entre les différents niveaux du système aquifère dans ce bassin. Elle a montré que l'eau de l'aquifère profond du Complexe Terminal (CT), vraisemblablement peu circulante, a été rechargée sous un paléoclimat plus froid. De nos jours, cette eau couvre à elle seule la quasi-totalité des besoins en eau d'irrigation des palmeraies de la région. Le surplus d'eau d'irrigation alimente la nappe phréatique logée dans les formations sableuses du Plio-Quaternaire. Cette dernière présente un intérêt secondaire de point de vue quantitatif, mais son influence se situe au niveau de sa contribution à la recharge de la nappe profonde du CT. En effet, l'eau de retour d'irrigation de la nappe phréatique, évaporée et équilibrée avec le CO₂ atmosphérique conduit, par endroits, à un rajeunissement apparent et à un enrichissement en isotopes stables des eaux de la nappe du CT.     

大城市边缘山地旅游创新系统初步研究--以深圳市凤凰山为例

大城市边缘山地旅游对大城市居民有很大的吸引力，大城市边缘山地旅游系统的提出是为了增强山地旅游的竞争优势，实现山地旅游的可持续发展。本文对大城市边缘山地旅游创新系统的内涵及其构成进行了阐述，同时对相关的几个问题进行了讨论。     

Influence de la microporosité sur le piégeage du gaz dans un milieu poreux naturel

Trapped-gas content in natural porous media, also called residual gas saturation (Sgr), corresponds to the imbibition end-point. To define the parameters controlling Sgr, two parameters were studied: the influence of rock characteristics (on 400 sandstone samples) and initial gas saturation (Sgi), on the basis of 60 experimental curves between Sgr and Sgi. Based on an extensive experimental database, this study establishes the dominant influence of microporosity on trapped gas saturation, and indirectly that of the contained clays. To cite this article: K. Suzanne, J. Billiotte, C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).     

地方创意环境和实体空间对城市文化创意活动的影响——以北京市南锣鼓巷为例

文化创意产业成为21世纪中国经济的重要增长点。本文以北京南锣鼓巷的案例,展示了在文化体制改革的背景下,自发形成的地方创意环境和实体空间对城市文化创意活动的影响。近十年来,作为老城中心休闲场所的南锣鼓巷,已经成为演员、导演、编剧和其他艺术者集中的文化创意地。质性访谈和小样本的问卷调查显示,丰富的历史文化遗产、周边高等级的艺术和演出机构提供了创意活动的有力支持,有形的历史文化空间则形成创意过程的催化剂;而酒吧和咖啡店等的出现使创意人才得以聚集,其中的创意交流活动则促进创意成果的产生。本文认为,打造文化创意园区并非唯一的发展之路。是否能吸引具有创意潜质的人才,将其有机地组织并提升集体创造力,进而促进创意活动更密集地发生才是关键。     

How important are local inventive milieus: The role of birthplace,high school and university education

Using data on the entire population in combination with data on almost all individuals in Sweden listed as inventors, we study how the probability of being listed on a patent as inventor is influenced by the density of other future inventors residing in the same region. In this process, we control for demographic and sector effects along with the educational characteristics of parents. This approach allows us to trace how location history influences individuals’ inventive capacity. We focus on three types of influences: (a) future inventors in the municipality around the time of birth, (b) future inventors around the time of graduation from high school and (c) future inventors at graduation from higher education. We find suggestive evidence that co-locating with future inventors may impact the probability of becoming an inventor. The most consistent effect is found for place of higher education; some positive effects are also evident from birthplace, whereas no consistent positive effect can be derived from individuals’ high school location. Therefore, the formative influences mainly deriving from family upbringing, birth region and from local milieu effects arising from a conscious choice to attend a higher education affect the choice of becoming an inventor.     

Caractérisation de zones sources de DNAPL à l'aide de traceurs bisolubles : mise en évidence d'une cinétique de partage

Pollution source characterization by the Partitioning Interwell Tracer Test method requires the assessment of the partitioning coefficient of the tracers with the pollutant. Experiments conducted on batch tests (static) and laboratory columns (dynamic) indicated a partitioning kinetics between the reactive tracer (4-methyl 2-pentanol) and the organic phase (trichlorethene); the partitioning coefficient decreases when the flow velocity through the porous medium increases. This partitioning kinetics has been confirmed by the interpretation of the tracer breakthrough curves with a first-order kinetic transfer model. To cite this article: M. Bohy et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).