Developing ecotourism in First World, resource-dependent areas

Ecotourism, an economic diversification tool most commonly applied in the Third World as a means to protect ecosystems, preserve local cultures, and spur economic development, has recently been applied in First World resource-dependent areas. While ecotourism has traditionally focused on Third World ‘undisturbed’ protected lands, it has also been developed in their First World equivalents (i.e., old-growth forests) as well as in First World sites of past resource extraction and in places where current agricultural practices maintain cherished cultural landscapes. Forest County, Pennsylvania, a timber-dependent area, sought to diversify its economy by developing ecotourism based on its unique Allegheny hardwood forests, which are produced by timber harvesting. This ecotourism would encourage amenity-based, locally-driven economic development and maintain timber harvesting. While government and foundation supported ecotourism development efforts in areas dependent on resource extraction have incorporated some of ecotourism’s ideals, these operations have had mixed success. Such isolated areas, which have traditionally drawn visitors independently engaging in traditional outdoor recreation activities, have not been able to draw enough customers willing to pay for natural and cultural history tours. If ecotourism is to be successful, such areas may need further government support and destination branding to increase name recognition in order to counter the global orientation of the nature tour industry. For true community development, local collaborative efforts including resource and environmental interests are also required in which primary production is connected to processing and consumers through value-added and service sector activities such as tourism.     

Branding the design metropole: the case of Montréal, Canada

As part of a broader process of inter-urban competition, city governments have increasingly sought to 'position' themselves as centres of creativity. In these branding initiatives, culture is viewed as a tool of urban regeneration and economic development. Our paper examines the case of Commerce Design Montréal, an annual design competition run by the City of Montréal, which aims to brand Montréal as a centre of design. Commerce Design Montréal is an example of a 'fast' policy initiated by the state, but carried out by business owners and citizens. As such, it represents a downloading of the responsibility for economic development to the private or individual scale and adopts only a partial view of the varied actors and uses that are implicated in the design process. The paper considers the opportunities and challenges that this model presents for promoting design as a form of urban regeneration in a neo-liberal context.     

Preaching to different choirs: How to motivate dismissive,uncommitted, and alarmed audiences to adapt to climate change?

People vary considerably in terms of their knowledge, beliefs, and concern about climate change. Thus, an important challenge for climate change communicators is how to most effectively engage different types of audiences. This study aimed to identify distinct audience segments that vary in terms of their values, beliefs, and responses to climate change and determine for each segment which specific message attributes increased motivation to engage in climate adaptation. A sample of 1031 Australian residents (aged 18–66 years) completed an online survey assessing their values, beliefs, and behaviors related to climate change, and recording their responses to a broad range of climate change adaptation messages. Latent profile analysis identified three distinct audience segments: alarmed (34.4%), uncommitted (45.2%), and dismissive (20.3%). Sixty climate change adaptation messages were coded in terms of the presence/absence of six attributes: explicit reference to climate change, providing specific adaptation advice, strong negative emotive content, emphasis on collective responsibility, highlighting local impacts, and underscoring financial impacts. Participants viewed a random sample of six messages and rated the extent to which each message motivated them to seek out more information and immediately respond to the climate change threat portrayed in the message. Multilevel modeling indicated messages that included strong negative emotive content or provided specific adaptation advice increased adaptation intentions in all three audience segments. Omitting any mention of climate change and emphasizing local impacts increased adaptation intentions in dismissive audiences. Implications for tailoring and targeting climate change adaptation messages are discussed.     

安徽省温泉旅游区的品牌建设与营销策略研究

安徽省温泉旅游区以它独有的特色和文化的魅力赢得社会广泛的关注,也吸引更多的人对温泉旅游区的品牌建设与营销策略的研究。阐述了安徽省温泉旅游资源赋存状况,并分析安徽省温泉旅游区的品牌建设与营销策略现状。得出如下主要结论:(1)安徽省温泉多数位于隆起的大别山区、长江沿岸的巢湖—和县一带以及皖南地区;(2)产品开发利用层次不一,大多处于中程度利用;(3)温泉相关的旅游区品牌建设与营销策略相对滞后。最后在此基础上,提出现阶段安徽省温泉旅游区的品牌建设与营销策略的对策。     

地方政府官方旅游网站营销功能实证分析

在线营销已成为信息时代目的地整体营销战略的重要组成部分,考察目的地营销网站的发展状况有助于目的地营销组织审视其在线营销活动。以中国内地31个省为例,将营销战略、信息服务、交易处理、技术支持和网站运营作为一级指标,对官方旅游网站的营销功能进行评估。结果表明,目前国内目的地营销网站功能已无显著地区差异,大部分网站处于信息提供的初级发展阶段,目的地营销战略实施、交易处理等功能尚需改进;地方官方网站营销功能的充分发挥有赖于各级政府的支持,目的地在线营销的发展必须与目的地整体营销战略相整合。     

2维电子地图与3维城市景观的互响应方法探讨

基于2维平面电子图与3维城市景观的各自的优缺点,对2维与3维的集成处理和2维平面电子地图与3维城市景观实现互响应的机制进行了研究。     

社区商业问题探讨

作为一种各大城市都在尝试的商业模式,满足消费需求,提升生活质量,寻求商机,追求利润是社区商业发展的主要动因。社区商业有独立式、沿街式等5种模式。社区商业建设应遵循因地制宜原则,进行集中配置,做好规划与管理。为搞好社区商业,必须树立正确的营销观念,准确的营销定位,合理确定营销组合策略。     

A study on the system of sustainable developmentof tourist marketing environment

1TheImplicationandFeaturesofTouristMarketingEnvironmentl.1TheimplicationoftouristmarketingenvironmentThetouristenterpriseshavestfongsocialcharacteristicsinthCprocessofeconondcachvihesofsocialistInareteconomy.ItSndehngbehaviorsareSynthedcallyaffectedbybothintemalandextemalcontrollableanduncontrollalllef8ctors.Thais,thetouristmarkehngisdevelopedundCrcertaintemPoIal-SPatialcondihonswhicharereferredtoasthetourist-markehngenvironment.Thetourist-nlarkehngenvironmntistheekishngandlivingspaceoft…     

Escaping the corporate net: Pragmatics of small boat direct marketing in the U.S. Salmon fishing industry of the Northeastern pacific

This article considers corporate power in the fishing industry of southeast Alaska and Puget Sound, Washington State, USA, as experienced by direct marketing salmon gillnet fishermen. Tracing the evolution of a small family-based fish business, this paper examines survival strategies of independent fishermen in a context of concentrated corporate power. Topics addressed include corporate domination of the fishing industry, “niche” alternatives to the commodity system, alliance with the farmers’ market movement, obstacles to direct sales and the critical role of family participation.