Retrograde replacement of andalusite by Ca–Na mica in chloritoid-bearing metapelites. PTX modelling of rocks with different Al content in the MnNCKFMASH system

Andalusite porphyroblasts are totally pseudomorphosed by margarite–paragonite aggregates in aluminous pelites containing the peak mineral assemblage andalusite, chlorite, chloritoid, margarite, paragonite, quartz ± garnet, in a NW Iberia contact area. Equilibria at low P–T are investigated using new KFMASH and (mainly) MnCNKFMASH grids constructed with Thermocalc 3.21. P–T and T–X pseudosections with phase modal volume isopleths are constructed for compositions relatively richer and poorer in andalusite to model the assemblages in an andalusite‐bearing rock that contains a thin andalusite‐rich band (ARB) during retrogression. Their compositions, prior to retrogression, are used in the modelling, and have been retrieved by restoring the pseudomorph‐forming elements into the current‐depleted matrix, except for Al₂O₃ which is assumed to be immobile. Compositional differences between the thin band and the rest of the rock have not resulted in differences in andalusite porphyroblast retrogression. The absence of chloritoid resorbtion implies either a pressure increase at constant reacting‐system composition, or that its composition changed during retrogression at constant pressure, by becoming enriched in the progressively replaced andalusite porphyroblasts. T–X pseudosections at 1 kbar model this latter process using as end‐members in X, first, the restored original rock and ARB compositions, and, then the same process, taking into account the change in composition of both as retrogression proceeded. The MnNCKFMASH pseudosections of rocks with different Al contents facilitate making further deductions on the rock‐composition control of the resulting assemblages upon retrogression. Andalusite eventually disappears in relatively Al‐poor rocks, resulting, as in this study, in a rock formed by chloritoid–chlorite as the only FM minerals, plus margarite–paragonite pseudomorphs of andalusite. In rocks richer in Al, chlorite would progressively disappear and a kyanite/andalusite–chloritoid assemblage would eventually be stable at retrograde conditions. The Al‐silicate, stable during retrogression in Al‐rich rocks, indicates pressure conditions and hence the tectonic context under which retrogression took place.     

论信阳地区珍珠云母的成因和意义

产于变余糜棱岩带中的原生珍珠云母首见于我国信阳地区。变余糜棱岩的矿物成分主要是珍珠云母、白色云母、十字石和石英,而且其中的珍珠云母、白色云母和十字石都呈变余残斑存在,所以,这些残斑矿物应是糜棱岩化前原岩中的原生变晶矿物。据实验资料,珍珠云母++字石+石英组合形成的温压条件为600—700MPa,560—650℃,fo_2=10~(-12)Pa。这正是一般含十字石和蓝晶石等变度带角闪岩相变质作用的温压条件。因此,珍珠云母++字石+石英组合完全可以成为角闪岩相变质作用的标志。     

Reaction microstructures in corundum‐ and kyanite‐bearing mafic mylonites from the Takahama metamorphic rocks,western Kyushu,Southwest Japan

High‐grade mylonites occur in the Takahama metamorphic rocks, a member of the high‐pressure low‐temperature type Nagasaki Metamorphic Rocks, western Kyushu, Japan. Mafic layers within the mylonites retain reaction microstructures consisting of margarite aggregates armoring both corundum and kyanite. The following retrograde reaction well accounts for the microstructures in the CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O system: 3Al₂O₃ + 2Al₂SiO₅ + 2Ca₂Al₃Si₃O₁₂(OH) + 3H₂O = 2Ca₂Al₈Si₄O₂₀(OH)₄ (corundum + kyanite + clinozoisite + fluid = margarite). Mass balance analyses and chemical potential modeling reveal that the chemical potential gradients present between kyanite and corundum have likely driven the transport of the CaO and SiO₂ components. The mylonitization is considered to take place chronologically after peak metamorphism and before the above reaction, based on the following features: approximately constant thickness of the margarite aggregates, random orientation of margarite, and local modification of garnet composition at a boudin neck that formed during mylonitization. The estimated peak temperature of 640°C and the pressure–temperature conditions of the above reaction indicate that the mylonitization took place at temperature between 530 and 640°C at pressures higher than 1.2 GPa, approximately equivalent to the depth of the lower crust of island arcs.     

南阳独山玉的矿物学研究

南阳独山玉呈脉状产于河南省南阳市独山透闪石化辉长岩岩体内。笔者选择了各种代 表性样品(白玉、绿玉、白绿玉,棕黑色玉),对其进行了光薄片显微镜观察、探针、电镜、X光、红外等分析以及显微硬度测定。研究表明,独山玉在矿物成分上极为独特,以高钙、高铝、贫硅为特征,如:“纯”钙长石、黝帘石、珍珠云母等。除此之外,尚有一系列含铬矿物,如:铬绿帘石、含铬白云母—珍珠云母,含铬黑云母—金云母、铬蒙脱石、铬铁矿。这表明独山玉是在较特殊的地质环境下形成的,起交代作用的热液成分以钙为主,而铬对独山玉呈绿色、翠绿色有很大关系。     

河南信阳地区的变形珍珠云母

我们发现于信阳地区的珍珠云母是我国的首例原生钙质云母、该区的珍珠云母和白色云母与十字石都呈残斑共生于变余糜棱岩中,这表明它们是含珍珠云母的十字石云母片岩糜棱岩化后的变余矿物。据矿物共生组合推测这些珍珠云母形成于较深位的角闪岩相区域变质作用中。