激光拉曼光谱法分析多种显微组分荧光变化及其应用

利用激发488 nm激光的氩离子激光器作为RENISHAW inVia型激光拉曼光谱仪的光源,建立了多种显微组分荧光变化(FAMM)分析方法,并对镜质体反射率明显抑制的东营凹陷有效烃源岩进行了测定。结果表明,东营凹陷有效烃源岩的有机质类型越好,镜质体反射率抑制程度越高,有效烃源岩的真实成熟度应主要处于0.64%~1.30%,而不是实测镜质体反射率所反映的0.37%~1.10%。     

吐哈盆地侏罗纪煤中主要组分结构特征与生烃性分析

在高纯度煤岩显微组分分离富集的基础上,应用透射式显微傅里叶红外光谱技术 (Micro FTIR),对吐哈盆地侏罗纪煤中的主要组分-镜质体、丝质体、角质体、藻类体的结构组成进行了测定。结果表明 :藻类体主要由长链脂族结构组成,芳香结构含量相对较少;角质体和基质镜质体中含有较丰富的芳香结构以及长链脂族结构;而丝质体则主要由芳香结构组成,脂族结构含量很少。显微组分的这种结构特征决定了藻类体具有很高的生烃潜力、角质体和镜质体的生烃潜力中等、而丝质体的生烃潜力则很低。对于吐哈盆地煤成油来说,由于藻类体主要由长链脂族结构组成,并且生烃潜力也高,因此其具有高的液态烃产率、丝质体的产油率最小、角质体和镜质体的液态烃产率中等。由于镜质体是本区煤中含量最高的组分。因此,对于吐哈盆地所形成的具有工业规模的油田来说,镜质体应该是主要的贡献组分之一。但对于富含藻类体的厚层状烛藻煤,由于它类型好,品质高、生烃潜力大、以中长链脂族结构为主,是煤成油最理想的源岩。     

Striking liptinitic bark remains peculiar to some Late Permian Chinese coals

An unusual liptinite coal component has been reported in the Chinese literature over the past sixty years. It has been described as a maceral in the Chinese National Standard (1991), but it has not been named internationally. In Chinese literature it is called “barkinite”, on the basis of its morphological features and because it is believed to have originated as bark tissue.“Barkinite” occurs in Late Permian, marine-influenced coals and is best represented in the Changguang, Leping and Shuicheng Basins of southern China.The material originates from plant periderm or the bark of higher plants. However, “bark” contains a variety of substances, including resin and suberin, which are recognised as the precursors of the resinite and suberinite macerals. “Barkinite” is distinguished by (i) its thickness; individual pieces can be more than ten cells thick and several centimetres long and (ii) it fluoresces strongly at 0.6% vitrinite reflectance and loses its fluorescence at about 1.1% vitrinite reflectance.The reporting of “barkinite” from only Chinese coals may be due to its origin from Lepidodendron and Psaronius flora, which was common in the Northern Hemisphere during the Carboniferous, but which was isolated to China by the Late Permian. It is proposed that the remnant flora evolved into unique forms in China by the Late Permian. Lepidodendron and Psaronius remains, coupled with a strongly marine-influenced, peat-forming environment have given rise to “barkinite” and to its restricted distribution.     

华北地区煤的显微组分结焦性热台试验

为探讨煤的显微组分的结焦性，对不同变质程度煤的镜质组、壳质组和惰性组分别进行了显微镜热台加热试验．在加热过程中，活性组分经历了３个明显不同的变化阶段，即变形阶段、胶质体形成阶段以及固化阶段．随煤变质程度的增加，镜质组的初变温度和胶质体形成时的温度逐渐增大，而固结温度变化规律不明显；壳质组在低变质阶段因受热而挥发掉，但随煤级增高其变形程度减弱；半镜质组在受热过程中也有变形和少量胶质体形成，而惰性组只发生微弱变化．在低变质阶段，活性显微组分形成的焦炭显微结构以各向同性为主；随变质程度的增高，焦炭显微结构中各向异性成分比例增大     

中国侏罗系煤成油若干问题

在阐述了煤成油的概念，总结和评述了煤生油显微组分，生油门限，生油范围和生油高峰等问题后，本文通过吐哈等盆地侏罗系煤生油显微组分组成特征，可溶有机质演化，成熟度和有机质丰度，油源及原油成熟度对比；含煤岩系中煤层和泥岩的厚度及总量和煤及泥岩最高沥青和总烃转化率的对比； 其族组成和煤成原油的族组成特征的对比，提出了中国侏罗系煤成油盆地中泥岩比煤层对煤成油田形成有大的贡献看法。     

Some chemical structural features of coals of differing maceral distributions and stratigraphy

Six North American bituminous coals (four Carboniferous and two Cretaceous) and eight maceral concentrates from Carboniferous British seams have been heated with tetralin and hydrogen to 400°C. The hexane-soluble parts of the products were separated by column chromatography and the fractions were then analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In all cases the aromatic hydrocarbon fraction was a very complex mixture containing a number of alkylated biphenyls, diphenylmethanes and -ethanes, and polycyclic compounds. However single ioncchromatography (m/z = 142) showed that, in addition to these, the products from five of the six American coals contained homologous series of long chain n-alkylnapththalenes with alkyl groups extending to C₁₆. In other fractions from the American coals, homologous series of n-alkylfurans and alkylphenols were found to be major components, as also were many alkylcyclohexenones related to isophorone. Extensive homologous series of n-alkyl aromatics were not detected in products from any of six vitrinites from British seams, though series of n- and iso-alkylphenols were found in the products from two sporinite concentrates. A number of polycyclic ketones apparently related to sterols were found in the products from the British vitrinites but not from any American coals. Reasons for what appear to be systematic structural differences between the American and British coals are discussed. Differences in stratigraphy are noted and it seems not impossible that differences in source vegetation are significant.     

沉积有机质激光热裂解色谱质谱探针分析技术的尝试及其前景探讨

激光热裂解－色谱－质谱分析方法具有从技术层面上融合分子地球化学方法和有机岩石学方法的潜能。通过抚顺煤镜质组分和树脂体的研究实例，介绍了激光热裂解－色谱－质谱探针分析的基本原理及测试方法。抚顺煤显微组分的微区热裂解产物特征中，镜质组和树脂体热解产物的正烷烃、烷基萘和四氢化萘的总体面貌相似，但树脂体中正烷烃含量较低，而烷基四氢化萘明显较高，这可能反映显微组分形成过程中发生过低分子烃类在各显微组分之间的混合作用。除此之外，还把激光热裂解－色谱－质谱探针技术与传统的分子地球化学方法、有机岩石学方法进行比较。探讨了激光热裂解－色谱－质谱探针技术的应用前景以及尚待解决的技术问题。落射到样品表面的激光束能量（温度）和控制和激光辐射时间的，激光束斑大小、热解产物量、色谱－质谱检验灵敏度极限三者关系等，都是限制新技术应用的技术问题。     

塔里木盆地陆相烃源岩有机组分的分类及其岩石学特征

通过对塔里木盆地陆相烃源岩所作的详细有机岩石学研究，提出了适合该盆地的陆相烃源岩有机组分分类方案，并系统地阐述各有机组分的光性、成因及岩石学特性。     

煤显微组分中有机硫的微区分析和分布特征

应用扫描电镜、能谱仪和波谱仪测定了煤中有机硫含量。a.在镜质体有机硫含量低于0.50％的煤中,惰质体的有机硫含量与其相近。而在镜质体有机硫含量高于0.5％的煤中,惰质体的有机硫含量大多为镜质体的40％～50％。各种镜质体和惰质体的有机硫含量随其凝胶化程度增高而增加。b.聚煤古地理环境对煤中有机硫含量起决定性作用。以镜质体为例,形成于湖滨三角洲平原环境的神木煤含有机硫0.21％,形成于滨海三角洲平原环境的水城大河边煤含有机硫0.84％,形成于泻湖海湾环境的兖州晚石炭世煤含有机硫2.24％。     

有机显微组分X射线衍射分析方法在油气评价中的应用

Ｘ射线衍射分析法适宜于分析有机显微组分的芳环层的层状结构。有机质的芳环层结构与其类型和演化程度有关。表征有机质芳环层的层状结构的主要参数：高度Ｌｃ、宽度Ｌａ、网面间距ｄｈｋ１和芳环层层数可作为油气勘探中判断源岩性质、类型、演化程度与生烃潜力的依据。文章还对参数的变化与意义进行了初步讨论。