伊朗浅成低温热液矿床时空分布规律与矿床类型

特提斯成矿域是地球上三大成矿域之一,矿产资源丰富.文章综述了特提斯域内伊朗高原浅成低温热液矿床的地质特征,讨论了成矿事件的时空分布规律以及主要矿床类型.研究表明,伊朗浅成低温热液矿床大部分位于乌兹密尔-杜克塔尔岩浆弧和阿尔博兹岩浆弧.其中,前者主要产出高硫型Cu-Au±Ag矿床和低硫型Au±Ag±Cu矿床,分布较为稀疏...     

Qiyugou auriferous breccia pipes:A low-sulphidation epithermal system linked with transition of tectonic regime from collisional compression to extension,Xiong'ershan,Henan,China

The Xiong’ershan area,as a part of a metallogenic province in cetral China,contains substantial Leimengou porphyry molybdenite deposit,Qiyugou breccia gold deposits and vein gold deposit occurred in fault zone,as well as previously refer to as orogenic gold deposit.Around or nearby the Mesozoic porphyry granite,the typical porphyry deposit,much more breccia pipes and breccia gold deposit are developed in the area.In this paper we focus on reporting preliminary results obtained from field,petrographic work on the Leimengou porphyry molybdenite and the Qiyugou breccia gold deposit,as well as laser Raman microspectroscopy and microprobe analyses carried out on samples from the Au-bearing Qiyugou breccia pipes.An adularia-calcite assemblage is reported in these breccia gold deposits.Two stages of hydrothermal alteration,pervasive and vein,are identified.The first stage consists of the alteration of the breccia clasts and rock flour by actinolite,green biotite,epidote,chlorite and minor sericite.This hydrothermal activity is likely to relate to the molybdenite mineralisation episode.The second stage is characterised by quartz veining and adularia and calcite filling open-spaces.Vein ores associated with quartz,sericite,and minor calcite alteration occur in NE-trending fault that cut the first stage of alteration.The adularia-calcite alteration is genetically associated with gold mineralization.The adularia-calcite assemblage in the area suggest that the Qiyugou pipes are of low-sulphidation epithermal in nature.The Qiyugou breccia pipes are coeval and spatially associated with the nearby Leimengou porphyry Mo deposit,which together conform to an alkalic mineralising system.We propose a model for the development and evolution of the breccia pipes in conjunction with a model that describes the genesis of the porphyry Mo and auriferous breccia pipes as a unified magmatic-hydrothermal system,which is linked with transition from collisional compressional to extensional geodynamic regime.     

云南勐海勐满金矿含金黄铁矿地球化学特征和矿床成因意义

黄铁矿是金矿重要的载金矿物之一,对其地球化学特征研究可以约束金矿成矿类型和成矿物质来源。本文对云南勐满金矿含金黄铁矿的化学成分及其S、Pb同位素特征进行了研究,结果显示:勐满金矿黄铁矿化学成分中的N(S)/N(Fe)值、δFe—δS及w(As)—w(Co)—w(Ni)图解等特征表明其原生矿床属于浅成低温热液型矿床。黄铁矿硫同位素为-4×10~(-3)~-2×10~(-3),数值集中;铅同位素组成~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb值,分别介于39.016~40.010、15.669~15.826和18.694~19.289。测试结果显示勐满金矿属于低硫型浅成低温热液型金矿,成矿物质主要来源于围岩地层。热液成矿阶段金主要赋存在黄铁矿中,在次生氧化阶段,金从黄铁矿中出溶并进一步富集,次生氧化阶段是形成富矿的重要阶段。     

Cikidang Hydrothermal Gold Deposit in Western Java, Indonesia

Abstract. The Cikidang gold deposit, discovered in 1991, is located within the Bayah dome, a Tertiary-Quaternary volcanic zone at west end of Java, which is well known as a gold district (e.g., Pongkor and Cikotok mines). Typical low-sulfidation quartz-adularia-sericite(-calcite) vein deposits represent the gold deposit in the district.
The Cikidang vein system comprises four sub-parallel quartz-adularia-sericite(-calcite) veins that are rich in manganese oxide and limonite with very poor amount of sulfides. These vary from 0.5 to 2.7 m thick and extend for up to 1,000 m long. The vein trends roughly N-S and dip 60 to 86° toward west. The ore grades vary from trace to 74.9 g/t Au and 1.2 to 225.0 g/t Ag. A K/Ar age determination on adularia yielded 2.4 Ma for the Cikidang vein.
The ore minerals are represented by electrum, argentite, aguilarite and pyrite. Electrum shows the compositional ranges of Ag (50–65 atom %). The gangue minerals are dominated by quartz with variable amounts of calcite, sericite, adularia, clay minerals, manganese oxide and limonite. The vein textures are so variable as banded, colloform, comb, brecciated and massive. Host rocks, composed of Miocene lapilli tuff and breccia, suffered from pervasive hydrothermal alterations. Wall rocks adjacent to the vein are characterized by argillic and propylitic alteration.
The fluid inclusion study of the Cikidang vein shows homogenization temperatures ranging from 170 to 260°C. Salinities are low, generally below 3 wt% NaCl equivalent. Oxygen isotope results suggest meteoric water in origin for ore fluids responsible for the Cikidang deposit.     

滇西勐满金矿床成矿物质来源分析及矿床成因探讨——来自年代学、矿物学及地球化学的证据

勐满金矿床位于云南省勐海县境内,地处临沧-景洪褶皱束之临沧-澜沧复背斜南部,截至2005年探明金矿资源量17t,主矿体属于地表红土型氧化矿,平均品位为0.60×10-6。文章基于对勐满金矿床矿区内新元古界曼来组片岩和中侏罗统花开左组碎屑岩及矿区外围东部的临沧花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定,探讨了曼来组片岩和花开左组碎屑岩地层的物质来源,追溯母岩的物质源区,并结合矿区普遍发育的硅化岩和硅质脉体的地球化学特征,分析了金成矿的物质来源。勐满金矿床曼来组中主要碎屑锆石年龄为(957.0±9.8)Ma,属新元古代早青白口纪;中侏罗系花开左组主要碎屑锆石年龄为(224.2±2.8)Ma,与临沧花岗岩基中2件黑云母二长花岗岩的年龄(分别为(228.7±2.8)Ma和(229.4±2.0)Ma)一致,表明花开左组地层的物质来源可能与临沧花岗岩有关。微量元素测试结果显示,矿区硅化岩与硅质脉体具有相似的稀土元素配分模式与微量元素组成,均表现为富集U、Th、Pb等大离子亲石元素,亏损Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta等高场强元素,轻稀土元素明显富集,重稀土元素亏损,中-弱的Eu负异常,Ce异常不明显,与矿区围岩及临沧花岗岩体南部的黑云母花岗岩具有相似的变化趋势。硅化岩稀土元素总量为42.3×10-6~311.0×10-6,平均为131.8×10-6;硅质脉体稀土元素总量为5.0×10-6~280×10-6,平均为56.8×10-6,显示硅化岩相对于硅质脉体具有更高的稀土元素总量。硅质脉体((La/Yb)N为4.3~133.4,平均36.7)相对于硅化岩((La/Yb)N为2.1~26,平均为8.5)具有更高的轻、重稀土元素分馏特征。硅化岩的地球化学特征变化介于围岩与硅质脉之间,表明硅化岩既继承了围岩特征,又有经热泉活动改造的痕迹。综合锆石年代学结果与沉积物源分析,认为矿区花开左组砂岩主要为临沧岩体经受风化搬运沉积的产物,曼来组向花开左组提供金的量不足以形成花开左组中的碎屑岩型矿体,热泉活动产生的流体是金成矿的另一重要物质来源,同时是导致金后期富集的重要因素。据此推断,花开左组是赋矿层位,而并非矿源层。结合低硫型矿床标志性矿物冰长石的出现,提出勐满金矿属于典型的与热泉活动有关的低硫型浅成低温热液金矿。     

Metallogenesis and ore-forming time of the Changtuxili Mn–Ag–Pb–Zn deposit in Inner Mongolia: Evidence from C–O–S isotopes and U–Pb geochronology

This paper reports new geochronological (U–Pb) and isotope (C, O, and S) data to investigate the timing of mineralization and mode of ore genesis for the recently discovered Changtuxili Mn–Ag–Pb–Zn deposit, located on the western slopes of the southern Great Hinggan Range in NE China. The mineralization is hosted by intermediate–acidic lavas and pyroclastic rocks of the Baiyingaolao Formation. Three stages of mineralization are identified: quartz–pyrite (Stage I), galena–sphalerite–tetrahedrite–rhodochrosite (Stage II), and quartz–pyrite (Stage III). δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values for carbonate from the ore vary from −8.51‰ to −4.96‰ and 3.97‰ to 15.90‰, respectively, which are indicative of a low-temperature alteration environment. δ³⁴S_V-CDT values of sulfides range from −1.77‰ to 4.16‰ and show a trend of equilibrium fractionation (δ³⁴S_Py ​> ​δ³⁴S_Sp ​> ​δ³⁴S_Gn). These features indicate that pyrite, sphalerite, and galena precipitated during the period of mineralization. The alteration mineral assemblage and isotope data indicate that the weakly acidic to weakly alkaline ore-forming fluid was derived largely from meteoric water and the ore-forming elements C and S originated from magma. During the mineralization, a geochemical barrier was formed by changes in the pH of the ore-forming fluid, leading to the precipitation of rhodochrosite. On the basis of the mineralization characteristics, new isotope data, and comparison with adjacent deposits, we propose that the Changtuxili Mn–Ag–Pb–Zn deposit is an intermediate-to low-sulfidation epithermal deposit whose formation was controlled by fractures and variability in the pH of the ore-forming fluid. The surrounding volcanic rocks yield zircon U–Pb ages of 160−146 ​Ma (Late Jurassic), indicating that the mineralization is younger than 146 ​Ma.     

查干布拉根银铅锌（金）矿床地质特征及成因类型

查干布拉根银铅锌（金）矿床是大型低硫化型浅成低温热液矿床，区域上受北东向裂谷型得尔布干断裂带及次级北西向断裂控制，矿床形成于燕山晚期大面积火山岩喷发及次火山岩侵位之后热 活动期，矿术具有独特的矿物组合与蚀变分带，主成矿元素分带明显，主要受北西西向断裂及其下盘的火山通道所制约，矿床形成深度较浅，剥蚀程度较低。     

新疆阿希金矿:古生代的低硫型浅成低温热液金矿床

新疆阿希金矿床为一形成于古生代的低硫型浅成低温热液金矿床,矿床产于伊犁—中天山板块北部中天山北缘活动大陆边缘的吐拉苏火山岩断陷盆地中。其赋矿围岩为大哈拉军山组安山质火山岩和火岩碎屑岩,矿体呈脉状产于古火山口外围的环形断裂带中,主要金属矿物有自然金、银金矿、黄铁矿、白铁矿、毒砂、赤铁矿、褐铁矿以及微量的浓红银矿、硒银矿、硫锑铜银矿、角银矿等,非金属矿物有石英、玉髓、菱铁矿、方解石、绢云母、冰长石等,围岩蚀变作用主要有硅化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化和青盘岩化。矿床以富集Au、Ag、As、Sb、Bi、Hg、Se、Te、Mo元素组合为特征,Ag/Au比值小,为0.46～11.1。氢、氧、碳、硫及稀有气体同位素组成特征显示其成矿流体主要为循环大气降水;成矿流体盐度主要为0.7%～3.1%NaCl_(eqv),平均为2.2%NaCl_(eqv);成矿温度为120～240℃,平均190℃;最大成矿深度约700 m。沸腾作用是引起成矿流体中矿质发生沉淀富集的主要成矿机制,成矿作用过程中流体处于近中性pH值的还原环境,成矿时代介于晚泥盆世晚期((363.2±5.7)Ma)到早石炭世维宪期。其一系列特征显示该矿是一个典型的、形成于古生代的低硫型浅成低温热液型金矿床。矿床得以保存与矿床形成后很快被阿恰勒河组沉积盖层覆盖有关,从上新世开始由于印度板块对欧亚板块的碰撞挤压作用,天山造山带被快速抬升遭受风化剥蚀作用使矿床重新露出地表而被发现。阿希金矿的发现对于在中、新生代以前的造山带中寻找浅成低温热液型金矿床具有重要的借鉴和指导意义。     

Some Aspects Regarding the Tectonic Setting of High– and Low-sulfidation Epithermal Gold Deposits of Chile

Abstract: In Chile the principal gold deposits of the low- and high-sulfidation types occur in the middle Creataceous-early Eocene Precordillera and in the middle to late Miocene Andean Cordillera, respectively. In both areas their related magma-tism migrates south-east with time. This feature suggests that the metallogenic integrity is greatly affected by a change in the tectonic regime from a transpressive oblique subduction to a weakly-compressive normal subduction. Moreover, certain differences in the geologic setting, such as the structure of host rocks are recognized between the two types of Chilean epither-mal gold deposits. This data provide us not only with genetic implications regarding epithermal gold deposits, but also an important guide for gold exploration in the Chilean Cordillera.     

西藏自治区谢通门县斯弄多铅锌矿区地球物理特征及找矿方向

浅成低温热液型矿床是一类主要产于陆相火山岩或与陆相火山岩有关的低温热液矿床,矿床埋藏深度浅是其最大的特点,这也使地球物理勘探方法在这类矿床的勘查中具有先天优势。本文通过对西藏斯弄多Pb-Zn-Ag多金属浅成低温热液型矿床的地球物理参数特征研究,采用激发极化法等综合物探技术在矿体外围探获具有巨大前景的Pb-Zn-Au-Ag浅成低温热液型矿体。目前单工程控制有3段矿体:顶部Au-Ag矿体,中部Au矿体,底部Pb-Zn-Ag矿体。矿体最高Au品位可达5.3g/t,Ag最高品位410g/t,Pb+Zn综合平均品位5.9%。研究结果表明,斯弄多地区林子宗群火山岩物性参数稳定,对矿体异常干扰较小,产于该套火山岩中极强硅化体中的浅成低温热液型Au矿多具有中高极化率和中低阻特征。