大跨度钢桁架转换结构振动台试验研究

以某带高位大跨钢桁架转换结构高层建筑为工程背景,进行了1/25缩尺比例的模型振动台试验,通过粘贴在钢桁架杆件上的应变片,测试了输入不同加速度峰值地震波作用下钢桁架的地震响应。在加速度峰值0.9g地震波作用下,两端支承钢桁架筒体剪力墙才出现裂缝,表明连接部位剪力墙受力性能较好;人工波作用下结构的地震响应最大,层地震作用力在钢桁架转换结构层有突变;试验中随模型结构裂缝发展和抗侧刚度衰减,层地震作用力分布发生变化,其中钢桁架转换结构层承担地震力相对减小,钢桁架应变反应也相对趋缓;钢桁架两端杆件受力较大,表明支承剪力墙对钢桁架的约束作用较大。     

大跨钢桁梁形变对轨道平顺性的影响

针对由于大跨钢桁梁形变导致其上设置的轨道控制点(CPIII)空间位置的变化,进而导致轨道平顺性的测量结果受到影响的问题,该文从轨道维护角度出发,探讨大跨钢桁梁形变对轨道测量及平顺性影响规律。通过模拟实验对大跨钢桁梁形变引起的自由设站坐标、钢轨几何位置测量值以及轨道平顺性指标3方面的影响进行了深入讨论,结果表明:对于直线段大跨钢桁梁部分的轨道平顺性影响较小,对钢桁梁与两端混凝土梁连接处的轨道平顺性影响较大。     

圆柱形支撑大跨度建筑结构强震冲击分析模型仿真

圆柱形支撑大跨度建筑稳定性较差,不能在强震冲击下保持稳定的结构状态。为解决此问题,设计圆柱形支撑大跨度建筑结构强震下冲击分析仿真模型,通过圆柱分析法则的确定、有限元支撑模拟分析与监测、圆柱形支撑体系承载能力分析以完成模型的仿真分析与监测。基于此对大跨度建筑结构强震冲击进行静力分析,调整强震冲击下模型的结构,完成模型的搭建。模拟强震冲击环境,设计对比实验结果表明,应用圆柱形支撑大跨度建筑结构强震下冲击分析仿真模型,可明确圆柱形支撑大跨度建筑薄弱点,发现稳定性较差建筑结构单元,达到提升圆柱形支撑大跨度建筑在强震冲击下稳定性的目的。     

双座串联大跨度斜拉桥粘滞阻尼器参数分析

以双座串联大跨度斜拉桥-珠海洪鹤大桥为背景,根据桥梁自振特性及场地效应,生成了三组人工波,采用纵向+2/3竖向的地震作用组合输入方式,通过非线性时程分析,系统的研究了粘滞阻尼器对双座串联大跨度斜拉桥减震性能的影响。同时为了确定粘滞阻尼器的最优参数,对粘滞阻尼器的阻尼系数C和速度指数α进行了参数敏感性分析。结果表明:设置纵向粘滞阻尼器能够显著减小双座串联斜拉桥的纵向位移响应,减小主梁在串联处发生碰撞的概率,同时改善主塔塔底结构受力情况,具有良好的耗能减震效果。综合考虑安全性、适用性和经济性等方面,最后给出针对洪鹤大桥的最优粘滞阻尼器参数:速度指数α为0.3,阻尼系数C为3 000kN/（m/s）^0.3。     

The Concept and Development of Smart Structures Technologies for Long-span Cable-supported Bridges

This article presents an overview of smart structures technologies in connection with long-span cable-supported bridges. Considering the broad scope of the smart structures technologies, two subareas, namely, structural health monitoring and structural control technologies, and their applications in long-span cable supported bridges, are identified as the focus of this review. It is believed that by, adopting the smart structures technologies, reliable operation and hazard management of long-span bridges can be achieved much more efficiently and can be made economically feasible, especially for bridges located at sites with high risks of severe natural hazardous events, such as those facing the bridges of the Taiwan Strait Crossing project. The feasibility of and practical issues in implementing the smart structures technologies in the design and construction of long-span cable-supported bridges are also discussed here. Considering the time span of the construction of the Taiwan Strait Crossing, some of the innovative technologies with a high potential for future long-span bridge applications, while still at the stage of exploratory research at the time of writing, are also examined as it is believed these technologies might have become prevalent by the completion time of the Taiwan Strait Crossing project.     

基于IDA的高墩大跨桥梁地震易损性分析

针对目前我国桥梁抗震设计规范仅适用于墩高40m以下规则桥梁的现状,以一常见山区高墩大跨连续刚构桥为研究对象,采用IDA方法分析了桥梁结构在15条地震动下的动态响应,得到桥墩各截面在所有地震动作用下的曲率包络图。以高墩最不利截面的材料损伤应变所对应的截面曲率为损伤指标,结合能力需求比对数回归分析,计算了高墩在不同损伤状态下的破坏概率,建立了墩柱易损性曲线,同时还建立了梁端支座的易损性曲线。基于联合失效概率分析方法,形成了桥梁系统易损性曲线。分析结果表明:薄壁空心墩连续刚构桥在强地震作用下高墩发生破坏的部位主要集中在墩顶和墩底区域;墩柱发生完全破坏的概率极小,但桥台处梁端活动支座的地震损伤概率较高;桥梁系统损伤概率能够更加准确地反映高墩大跨桥梁的真实抗震性能。     

人-板耦合动力响应分析

针对大跨度空间结构楼板振动舒适度问题,建立相应的人-板耦合模型,通过理论分析及有限元计算,系统研究了人-板相互作用体系的动力特性.详细分析了板的约束条件、楼板装饰层以及人群荷载密度分布等各种因素对楼板自振特性的影响.以大跨度车站结构为背景,采用人-板耦合体系,进行人行荷载同步、队列、散步等不同方式作用下楼板竖向振动的研...     

地震作用下大跨度悬索桥几何非线性影响分析

大跨度悬索桥几何非线性主要来自3个方面：缆索垂度效应、梁柱效应、大位移引起的几何形状变化。鉴于地震波高频成分振幅大,低频成分振幅小的特点,很难对地震作用下大跨度悬索桥几何非线性的影响做出定性判断。目前大跨度桥梁的几何非线性研究主要集中在斜拉桥,且不同的学者得出了不同的结论。本文以逐级加大振幅的Ⅳ类场地多条地震波为激励,通过对称与非对称的2座典型大跨度悬索桥的几何非线性影响对比分析,探讨了几何非线性对大跨度悬索桥重要地震响应量的影响程度及其原因,并提出了相应的抗震设计参考建议。     

Trust-region based instantaneous optimal semi-active control of long-span spatially extended structures with MRF-04K damper

In the field of civil engineering, magnetorheological fluid （MRF） damper-based semi-active control systems have received considerable attention for use in protecting structures from natural hazards such as strong earthquakes and high winds. In this paper, the MRF damper-based semi-active control system is applied to a long-span spatially extended structure and its feasibility is discussed. Meanwhile, a _trust-region method based instantaneous optimal semi-active control algorithm （TIOC） is proposed to improve the performance of the semi-active control system in a multiple damper situation. The proposed TIOC describes the control process as a bounded constraint optimization problem, in which an optimal semi- active control force vector is solved by the trust-region method in every control step to minimize the structural responses. A numerical example of a railway station roof structure installed with MRF-04K dampers is presented. First, a modified Bouc- Wen model is utilized to describe the behavior of the selected MRF-04K damper. Then, two semi-active control systems, including the well-known clipped-optimal controller and the proposed TIOC controller, are considered. Based on the characteristics of the long-span spatially extended structure, the performance of the control system is evaluated under uniform earthquake excitation and travelling-wave excitation with different apparent velocities. The simulation results indicate that the MR fluid damper-based semi-active control systems have the potential to mitigate the responses of full-scale long-span spatially extended structures under earthquake hazards. The superiority of the proposed TIOC controller is demonstrated by comparing its control effectiveness with the clipped-optimal controller for several different cases.     

地震动差动作用下大跨度空间网壳结构的反应分析

选取100m跨度的双层柱面网壳结构为研究对象,采用时程分析法,分别进行了结构在单向和三向地震行波输入作用下的反应分析,并针对多种视波速情况进行了研究,考查了地震动不同输入情况下结构杆件内力的分布特点,对其进行了对比分析,为大跨网壳结构的抗震设计提供了理论依据。研究表明,考虑行波效应会使结构部分构件内力有一定程度的提高,多维地震作用比单维地震作用下结构的杆件内力大。由此得出结论：对于大跨度空间网壳结构,应该进行多维非一致输入下的地震反应分析;为保证抗震安全,应对可能出现的地面视波速进行全面分析。