Three steps of serpentinization in an eclogitized oceanic serpentinization front (Lanzo Massif – Western Alps)

The Lanzo peridotite massif is a fragment of oceanic lithosphere generated in an ocean–continent transition context and eclogitized during alpine collision. Despite the subduction history, the massif has preserved its sedimentary oceanic cover, suggesting that it may have preserved its oceanic structure. It is an exceptional case for studying the evolution of a fragment of the lithosphere from its oceanization to its subduction and then exhumation. We present a field and petrological study retracing the different serpentinization episodes and their impact on the massif structure. The Lanzo massif is composed of slightly serpentinized peridotites (<20% serpentinization) surrounded by an envelope of foliated serpentinites (100% serpentinization) bordered by oceanic metabasalts and metasedimentary rocks. The limit between peridotites and serpentinites defines the front of serpentinization. This limit is sharp: it is marked by the presence of massive serpentinites (80% serpentinization) and, locally, by dykes of metagabbros and mylonitic gabbros. The deformation of these gabbros is contemporaneous with the emplacement of the magma. The presence of early lizardite in the peridotites testifies that serpentinization began during the oceanization, which is confirmed by the presence of meta‐ophicarbonates bordering the foliated serpentinite envelope. Two additional generations of serpentine occur in the ultramafic rocks. The first is a prograde antigorite that partially replaced the lizardite and the relict primary minerals of the peridotite during subduction, indicating that serpentinization is an active process at the ridge and in the subduction zone. Locally, this episode is followed by the deserpentinization of antigorite at peak P–T (estimated in eclogitized metagabbros at 2–2.5 GPa and 550–620 °C): it is marked by the crystallization of secondary olivine associated with chlorite and/or antigorite and of clinopyroxene, amphibole and chlorite assemblages. A second antigorite formed during exhumation partially to completely obliterating previous textures in the massive and foliated serpentinites. Serpentinites are an important component of the oceanic lithosphere generated in slow to ultraslow spreading settings, and in these settings, there is a serpentinization gradient with depth in the upper mantle. The seismic Moho limit could correspond to a serpentinization front affecting the mantle. This partially serpentinized zone constitutes a less competent level where, during subduction and exhumation, deformation and fluid circulation are localized. In this zone, the reaction kinetics are increased and the later steps of serpentinization obliterate the evidence of this progressive zone of serpentinization. In the Lanzo massif, this zone fully recrystallized into serpentinite during alpine subduction and collision. Thus, the serpentinite envelope represents the oceanic crust as defined by geophysicists, and the sharp front of serpentinization corresponds to an eclogitized seismic palaeo‐Moho.     

河北小寺沟蛇纹石玉的矿物成分和化学成分研究

在野外地质调查的基础上,通过显微薄片观察、电子探针分析、X射线衍射分析、红外光谱分析、X射线荧光光谱分析、微量元素分析、稀土元素分析等现代测试方法对河北小寺沟蛇纹石玉的矿物成分、化学成分进行了研究。结果表明,小寺沟蛇纹石玉为富镁碳酸盐岩蚀变形成的蛇纹岩,其主要矿物成分为利蛇纹石,次要矿物成分有方解石、白云石、透辉石、金云母、磁铁矿、黄铁矿等。蛇纹石玉的稀土元素来源于围岩大理岩,其稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图与其围岩大理岩的稀土配分图非常相似,为陡右倾型,具有稀土元素总量较低、富集轻稀土、具δEu负异常的特点。     

辽宁后仙峪蛇纹岩玉石地质特征及开发前景初探

对辽宁营口后仙峪产出的蛇纹岩岩石学、岩石化学、矿物学和玉石学等方面的初步研究显示,其主体矿物是利蛇纹石,化学成分贫硅富铁,加之其结构构造的多样性,使之玉器显著不同于传统的岫玉玉器.其凝重的质感、神秘的色彩等品质对人类文化有着独特的承载能力,是一种具有很大开发潜能的玉石资源.     

吉林省集安安绿玉矿物学特征

安绿玉产于吉林省集安地区,为胶状隐晶质蛇纹石矿物集合体,属岫玉一个新品种。安绿玉的化学成分与蛇纹石的理论化学组成接近。x射线、红外吸收光谱、电子显微镜、穆斯堡尔谱和吸收谱研究表明:安绿玉主要由利蛇纹石组成,含有一定量正纤蛇纹石。利蛇纹石为片状、正纤蛇纹石为管状、纤维状集合体。安绿玉具多种颜色,它取决于铁的含量、价态和位置,含Fe~3+呈黄色系列,而Fe~(2+)→Fe~(3+)电荷转移吸收呈蓝色系列。利蛇纹石的Fe~(2+)、Fe~(3+)在八面体M_1和M_2位置上分布是无序的。文中还论述了玉石特征及其与成分和结构的关系。     

Ultrahigh-pressure garnet peridotites from the devolatilization of sea-floor hydrated ultramafic rocks

Garnet peridotites occur in quartzofeldspathic gneisses in the Northern Qaidam Mountains, western China. They are rich in Mg and Cr, with mineral compositions similar to those in mantle peridotites found in other orogenic belts and as xenoliths in kimberlite. Garnet‐bearing lherzolites interlayered with dunite display oriented ilmenite and chromite lamellae in olivine and pyroxene lamellae in garnet that have been interpreted to indicate pressures in excess of 6 GPa. However, some garnet porphyroblasts include hornblende, chlorite and spinel + orthopyroxene symplectite after garnet; some clinopyroxene porphyroblasts include abundant actinolite/edenite, calcite and lizardite in the lherzolite; some olivine porphyroblasts (Fo₉₂) include an earlier generation Mg‐rich olivine (Fo_95–99), F‐rich clinohumite, pyroxene, chromite, anthophyllite/cummingtonite, Cl‐rich lizardite, carbonates and a new type of brittle mica, here termed ‘Ca‐phlogopite’, in the associated dunite. The pyrope content of garnet increases from core to rim, reaching the pyrope content (72 mol.%) of garnet typically found in the xenoliths in kimberlite. The simplest interpretation of these observations is that the rock association was formerly mantle peridotite emplaced into the oceanic crust that was subjected to serpentinization by seawater‐derived fluids near the sea floor. Dehydration during subduction to 3.0–3.5 GPa and 700 °C transformed these serpentinites into garnet lherzolite and dunite, depending on their Al and Ca contents. Pseudosection modelling using thermocalc shows that dehydration of the serpentinites is progressive, and involved three stages for Al‐rich and two stages for Al‐poor serpentinites, corresponding to the breakdown of the key hydrous minerals. Static burial and exhumation make olivine a pressure vessel for the pre‐subduction mineral inclusions during ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphism. The time span of the UHP event is constrained by the clear interface between the two generations of olivine to be very short, implying rapid subduction and exhumation.     

吉林通化集安蛇纹石质玉的矿物成分与成因分析

吉林通化集安地区发现了储量较大的蛇纹石质玉石矿床.X射线荧光光谱分析(XRF)显示蛇纹石质玉石中Si O2含量为35.21%~37.18%,Mg O 46.94%~49.72%,Fe O/Fe2O3之比在0.174~0.685之间.XRD分析显示在0.733 nm、0.366 nm和0.250 nm处存在有利蛇纹石的特征衍射峰.集安蛇纹石质玉主要矿物为利蛇纹石,并常含有镁橄榄石.红外光谱显示在3 650~3 700 cm-1、950~1 100 cm-1、400~700 cm-1存在有特征的利蛇纹石吸收峰.本玉石矿床属区域变质型蛇纹石矿床,利蛇纹石应为橄榄石在低温条件下水热蚀变的产物.     

中国蓝田玉的成分、物相及结构分析

通过外束质子激发X荧光(protoninduced X-ray emission,PIXE)、X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、激光拉曼光谱(laser Raman spectroscopy,LRS)等技术对现代陕西蓝田玉进行成分、物相和结构分析,并且计算了部分玉石中主要矿物的含量。结果表明样品可分为两类:第1类主要矿物为蛇纹石,其中大部分样品主要矿物为叶蛇纹石,其拉曼特征峰位于231、373、458、527、648、681和1045cm-1处;另外有1块蓝田玉的主要矿物为利蛇纹石,其拉曼特征峰位于226、344、379、462、623、690、1098cm-1处,这是在蓝田玉中首次发现利蛇纹石。第2类主要矿物为蛇纹石、方解石或斜辉石,并含少量白云石、滑石、透闪石。两类样品的蛇纹石化程度不同。微量元素中,Mn、Zn和Zr的含量较高。这些特征为考古学和文明史的研究提供了有益的数据资料。