New concepts on the composition, structure, and age of the Lower Amur fragment of the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous accretionary prism, Russian Far East

On the basis of geological observations and the study of conodont and radiolarian microfauna, a new stratigraphic scheme was proposed for the Mesozoic deposits of the Komsomolsk district of the Amur region. The lower Khorpy Group (T₂-J₃) consists of two units: the Boktor (T₂-J₂) and Kholvasi (J_2–3). The Boktor Sequence (400 m thick) is represented by pelagic cherts with an admixture of cherty-clayey shales and volcanic rocks. The Kholvasi Sequence (500 m thick) is built up of the predominant siltstones and clayey shales with rare intercalations and lenses of clayey cherts and cherty-clayey shales. The upper Komsomolskaya Group (K₁) has a terrigenous composition and includes the Gorin, Pionerskaya, and Pivan formations of 5 km total thickness. It is made up of intercalated sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, and often turbidites (proximal to distal). The rocks contain abundant buchia fauna of Volgian-Valanginian age, as well as carbonized plant detritus and flora of the Early Cretaceous habit. The described complex is characterized by a nappe-fold structure typical of the accretionary prisms in the ocean-continent convergence zones. The predominance of the coherent type of accretionary prisms reflects the simple morphology of the oceanic plate.     

Sedimentary and Geochemical Characteristics of Sinian Cap Carbonates in the Upper Yangtze Region

A global-scale glaciation occurred at about 600 Ma ago. As a result, the Earth became the “Snowball Earth“. The glaciation came to the end abruptly when atmospheric carbon dioxide increased to such an extent as to be about 350 times the modem level because of subaerial volcanic degassing. The rapid termination of glaciation would have led to warming of the Snowball Earth and extreme greenhouse conditions would have been created. The transfer of atmospheric carbon dioxide to oceans would give rise to the rapid precipitation of calcium carbonate in warm surface seawaters, thus forming the cap carbonate rocks as observed worldwide today. Regionally persisting, thin layers of carbonate rocks directly and ubiquitously overlie Proterozoic glacial deposits almost on every continent, and are commonly referred to as cap carbonates. Their unusual litho- fabrics, stratigraphically abrupt basal and upper-level contacts and strongly negative carbonate isotopic signatures ( δ ^13Cearb. values range from -7.0‰ —0‰) suggest a chemical oceanographic origin, the details of which remain unknown. It is proposed that these enigmatic deposits are related to the destabilization of gaseous hydrate in terrestrial permafrost following rapid postglacial warming and flooding of widely exposed continental shelves and internal basins. The authors carried out studies on the geochemistry, sedimentology and palacontology of the Sinian cap carbonates in Guizhou and Hunan provinces, including the occurrence of cap carbonates of unusual fabrics, strongly negative carbon isotopic signatures, and a lot of bitumen nodules.From the results it is suggested that the cap carbonates were formed from solid methane seepage, and it is in agreement with Kennedy‘‘ s viewpoint (2001) that the cap carbonates resulted from the rapid precipitation of calcium carbonate in response to solid methane seepage.     

安徽宿松群的甄别及时代归属

通过对原宿松群的深入研究 ,将其解体为蒲河片麻岩套与宿松岩群。宿松岩群与大别群在南部经历了先侵入 ,后韧性剪切变形 ,再构造破碎的复杂过程 ,并非不整合接触 ;在北部为过渡或构造叠置关系。重新厘定宿松岩群的构造地层序列自下而上由甘田坳岩组 (新建 ) ,柳坪岩组、大新屋岩组、梓树坞岩组 (新建 )所组成 ,并从地层序列、微古组合、地质年代等方面论证了宿松岩群属新元古代 ,为重新认识大别造山带的形成演化提供了新的基础资料     

渤海湾盆地陷隐蔽油气藏

渤海湾盆地隐蔽油气藏的形成与分布,总体上受控于裂谷断陷湖盆的生成演化。中新生代以来,多旋回的挤压、走滑与伸展作用,使华北地台解体,地壳薄化,并形成由一系列掀斜断块组成的裂谷盆地,在盆地内,常出现含油的潜山披覆背斜构造、拖构造,重力滑动构造、冲断构造和不同时期不同类型构造复合叠加而成的复杂隐蔽断裂构造,受老老三纪构造放回与古气修旋回控制,在沉积建设上形成了５个不整合或假整合界面和４套层序叠覆的层序结构,以及富于岩相岩性变化的断陷湖盆沉积。在水进超覆层内或水进笔层水间,建造的低水位扇砂体、浊积岩体、生物碎屑灰岩与火山岩体等,极易形成大量的地层岩性油气藏和岩性与构造复合油气藏。     

甘肃龙首山东段小口子镁铁-超镁铁质岩体岩石学、地球化学及年代学研究

阿拉善地块南缘龙首山地区以产出新元古代的金川铜镍硫化物矿床而著名,围绕金川矿床外围寻找铜镍矿一直备受关注。小口子镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于龙首山东段,主要由蛇纹岩、单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩组成,岩体中局部发现了星点状硫化物,硫化物由黄铁矿、黄铜矿组成,没有发现铜镍矿体,仅有部分磁铁矿化,前人研究认为小口子岩体可能是金川铜镍矿床同期的岩浆事件产物。本次研究通过岩石地球化学研究显示,小口子岩体镁铁比值为5.31~8.74,高于一般赋存铜镍矿岩体的镁铁比值。样品球粒陨石标准化的稀土元素配分曲线为平坦型,稀土元素总量低,暗示岩石具有橄榄石堆晶特征;Sr,Nd同位素研究显示:ε_(Nd)(t)=6.09~7.77,指示岩浆源区为亏损型地幔特征;微量元素比值与同位素模拟计算结果指示母岩浆经历了微弱的中上地壳物质混染。岩体中单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄为284.4±3.5Ma,结合区域地质对比,小口子镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的形成背景可能与古亚洲洋的闭合或俯冲之后的伸展作用相关。     

渤海湾盆地隐蔽油气藏

渤海湾盆地隐蔽油气藏的形成与分布 ,总体上受控于裂谷断陷湖盆的生成演化。中新生代以来 ,多旋回的挤压、走滑与伸展作用 ,使华北地台解体 ,地壳薄化 ,并形成由一系列掀斜断块组成的裂谷盆地。在盆地内 ,常出现含油的潜山披覆背斜构造、拖曳构造、重力滑动构造、冲断构造和不同时期不同类型构造复合叠加而成的复杂隐蔽断裂构造。受老第三纪构造旋回与古气候旋回控制 ,在沉积建造上形成了 5个不整合或假整合界面和 4套层序叠覆的层序结构 ,以及富于岩相岩性变化的断陷湖盆沉积。在水进超覆层内或水进超覆层之间 ,建造的低水位扇砂体、浊积岩体、生物碎屑灰岩与火山岩体等 ,极易形成大量的地层岩性油气藏和岩性与构造复合油气藏。     

Sedimentary and biotic evidence of a warm-water enclave in the cooler oceans of the latest Ordovician glacial phase, Yangtze Platform, South China block

Abstract   During the Hirnantian period, the Yangtze Platform was situated in the western part of the South China block (SCB) before its later rotation, in the middle–low paleolatitudes of the southern hemisphere in the northeast side of peri-Gondwana. It is part of the Kosov faunal province as indicated by the Hirnantia fauna. Sedimentary evidence shows the domination of cool ventilated marine water from its offshore ramp and shelf. Hirnantian shallow-water carbonate facies (Kuanyinchiao Bed) overlie earlier Ashgill graptolitic black shales (Wufeng Formation) as a result of marine regression. In the Yangtze Platform, however, we have found local areas of intertidal to nearshore facies that lack the typical highly diverse Hirnantia fauna. Some warm-water features (radial oolites, peloids, diverse solitary rugose corals and other benthic shelly fauna) occur commonly in some limited shallow areas, forming grainstones and packstones. Although interglacial episodes within the Hirnantian glaciation could be responsible for these features, their limited occurrence within the interior of the platform leads us to interpret the deposits as indicating that cold-water currents from the southeastern high latitudes were partly excluded from the nearshore area of the Yangtze Platform. The landmass of the eastern SCB in the Hirnantian epoch prevented access to some areas of the cold marine water masses that flowed from higher latitudes of Gondwana; the result was a persistence of warm-water shallow marine facies in some areas.