滇西北和邻区均衡重力异常特征及其壳内构造

本文以爱黎-海斯卡宁均衡补偿假设模式为基础,利用圆模板编制了滇西北及邻区均衡重力异常图。分析了异常的基本特征与壳内构造的关系,并初步探讨了均衡重力异常和强震活动的相关性。     

沉积盆地异常低压与低压油气藏成藏机理综述

地下异常低压主要有两种成因：抬升—剥蚀反弹和在介质孔隙度、渗透率非均质性条件下的区域地下水稳态流动，而化学渗透与流体“冷却”在低压形成中只起次要作用。根据圈闭类型、储盖组合及成藏过程，将低压油气藏分为三种类型：①常规地层型(除砂岩透镜体外)低压油气藏，低渗透岩石通常起遮挡作用，底水与边水不发育；②砂岩透镜体低压油气藏，通常分布于盆地中心的深部，具有不含水、充满油气的特点，油气的充注和水的排出与构造抬升之前压实作用、超压引起的水驱裂缝和毛细管力的作用有关，抬升—剥蚀引起的异常低压导致水由砂岩向页岩的流动有助于油气藏中水的排出；③深盆区低渗透储层低压气藏，通常分布在含水层的下倾方向(气水倒置)，异常低压是由于构造抬升致使超压向低压演化的结果。实例研究表明，构造抬升盆地中的低压系统是一个水动力相对封闭的体系，有利于油气的聚集与保存。     

Little Ice Age subsidence and post Little Ice Age uplift at Juneau, Alaska, inferred from dendrochronology and geomorphology

Application of dendrochronology and geomorphology to a recently emerged coastal area near Juneau, Alaska, has documented a Little Ice Age (LIA) sea-level transgression to 6.2 m above current sea level. The rise in relative sea level is attributed to regional subsidence and appears to have stabilized by the mid 16th century, based on a sea-cliff eroded into late-Pleistocene glaciomarine sediments. Land began emerging between A.D. 1770 and 1790, coincident with retreat of regional glaciers from their LIA maximums. This emergence has continued since then, paralleling regional glacier retreat. Total Juneau uplift since the late 18th century is estimated to be 3.2 m. The rate of downward colonization of newly emergent coastline by Sitka spruce during the 20th century closely parallels the rate of sea-level fall documented by analysis of local tide-gauge records (1.3 cm/yr). Regional and Glacier Bay LIA loading and unloading are inferred to be the primary mechanisms driving subsidence and uplift in the Juneau area. Climate change rather then regional tectonics has forced relative sea-level change over the last several hundred years.     

Study on the Gravity Field and Deep-Seated Crustal Structure at the North Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

1.I~ductionThenorthernmarginoftheQinghai-TibetplateauincludestheAltllnMis.,theQilianMis.,KunlunMis.,theQaidambasinandthesouthernTarimbasin.ThisareaistCctonicallycharacterizedbyintensiveCenozoicdeformationwithcomplicateddeformationalmechedsm(Molnaretal.,1987;Zheng,1991;Culetal.,1994;Ding,1995andXuetal.,1996).Thedeformationalmechanismsincludethrust-napping,strike-slipping,extensionandblockrotation,aswellassimultaneousupliftingandtypicalbasin-rangetectonics(CulandXu,1996).IntermsofCenozoi…     

The onset of Pleistocene glaciation in the Barents Sea: implications for glacial isostatic adjustment

In this paper the effect of a delayed onset of glaciation in the Barents Sea on glacial isostatic adjustment is investigated. The model calculations solve the sea-level equation governing the total mass redistributions associated with the last glaciation cycle on a spherically symmetric, linear, Maxwell viscoelastic earth for two different scenarios for the growth phase of the Barents Sea ice sheet. In the first ice model a linear growing history is used for the Barents Sea ice sheet, which closely relates its development to the build-up of other major Late Pleistocene ice sheets. In the second ice model the accumulation of the Barents Sea ice sheet is restricted to the last 6 ka prior to the last glacial maximum.
The calculations predict relative sea levels, present-day radial velocities, and gravity anomalies for the area formerly covered by the Weichselian ice sheet. The results show that observed relative sea levels in the Barents Sea are appropriate for distinguishing between the different glaciation histories. In particular, present-day observables such as the free-air gravity anomaly over the Barents Sea, and the present-day radial velocities are sensitive to changes in the glaciation history on this scale.
A palaeobathymetry derived from relative sea-level predictions before the last glacial maximum based on the second ice model essentially agrees with a palaeobathymetry derived by Lambeck (1995). The additional emerged areas provide centres for the build-up of an ice sheet and thus support the theory of Hald, Danielsen & Lorentzen (1990) and Mangerud et al. (1992) that the Barents Sea was an essentially marine environment shortly before the last glacial maximum.     

基于通量均衡基准的地壳垂直形变场分析模型

根据全球通量均衡假说建立了地壳垂直形变场的分析模型，在球面近似下求得了该模型的球谐函数级数解并拟合了两个不同区域的地壳垂直形变场，编绘了等值线图，继而在密切平面坐标系下导出了该模型的Fourier级数解。结果表明，该方法不仅具有几何意义，而且具有一定的地球动力学意义。