Treatment of high fluoride concentration wastewater by layered double hydroxides： Mechanism studies

An appropriate concentration of fluoride in drinking water is required to prevent dental cavities, but long-term ingestion of water that contains more than a suitable level of fluoride can cause bone disease and mottling of the teeth. Fluoride ions can be found in wastewater from the fluoride chemical industry, as well as the semiconductor, metal processing, fertilizer, and glass-manufacturing industries. The discharge standard for fluoride in industrial wastewater in China is 10 mg/L. Efficient treatment of fluoride-containing wastewater is therefore of major concern in China, following the rapid development of the fluoride chemical industry. Several methods have been used to remove fluoride from water, such as adsorption, chemical precipitation, electrodialysis, ion exchange and electrochemical processes. Layered double hydroxides （LDHs） are anionic clays with high anion exchange capacities which are effective adsorbents for removal of a variety of anionic pollutants. LDHs have been studied as potential adsorbents for removing toxic anionic species such as CrO4^2-, TcO4^-, SeO3^2-, pesticides, and anionic surfactants from aqueous systems. One of the main attractions of using LDHs for fluoride removal, is that unlike other chemical treatment methods, no chemical sludge should be produced. In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the mechanism of fluoride removal by LDHs under different conditions using batch methods. In addition, the release of fluoride adsorbed on LDHs by treatment with an aqueous solution of Na2CO3 was studied. The residual fluoride was found to be 10 mg/L in a solution with an initial concentration of 1000 mg/L, which meets the discharge standard for fluoride in industrial wastewater in China.     

Structural Evolvement of Heating Treatment of Mg/AI-LDH and Preparation of Mineral Mesoporous Materials

Although hydrotalcite, or layered double hydroxides （LDHs）, is not a common mineral, it is an important material that can be easily synthesized in laboratory. In this study, structural evolvement and BET surface area changes of heat treated Mg/AI-LDH is evaluated by XRD, TEM and N2-BET analyses. The results indicate that the magnesium-aluminum LDH with carbonate as interlayer anion, periclase-like oxides was formed at temperatures of 400-800℃. Meanwhile, 2-3 nanometer mesoporous were formed during decomposition of LDH. However, the heat treated samples still preserve the morphology of the original LDH plates. Periclase-like formed from LDH heat treatment may re-hydrolyze and recover the structure of LDH. However, crystallinity of the recovered LDH is lower than that of the original LDH. This heat treatment will result in formation of （Mg, Al）-oxide nano-crystals and nanopores among the nano-crystals. When heating temperature exceeds 1000, the periclase-like （Mg, Al）-oxide is transformed into a composite with periclase （MgO） and spinel phases. The periclase can be re-hydrolyzed and dissolved in HCl solution. After acid treatment, the sample with a high surface area is composed of spinel nano-crystals and nanopores among them. Our results will provide a new and economic way to synthesize mesoporous materials through pathways of phase transformation of precursor materials with different composition.     

粉煤灰浸取液与盐湖富镁卤水制备镁铝水滑石

近些年来,粉煤灰和盐湖老卤镁资源的综合利用逐渐成为人们关注的焦点之一,绿色制备低成本类水滑石是有效的解决方式之一。本文以Na2CO3和NaOH为沉淀剂和pH调节剂,以高浓度粉煤灰浸取液中Al3+和近饱和富镁卤水中的Mg2+为金属离子源,采用共沉淀-水热法,成功制备了镁铝水滑石。通过XRD和SEM的测试分析探讨了陈化温度、陈化时间、镁铝摩尔比、碱液浓度等因素对镁铝水滑石形貌结构的影响。结果表明用加料方式A：将铝源与镁源依次加入碱液中;陈化时间6h;陈化温度140℃;Mg/Al摩尔比为3;摩尔比为1;粉煤灰浸取液滴加速度为0.3mL/min（料液体积为9mL）;富镁卤水滴加速度为0.6mL/min;反应温度60℃;NaOH浓度4mol/L时,合成的镁铝水滑石为六边形片层结构,形貌更为规整（颗粒粒径为100-200nm）,结晶度更高。本文研究为粉煤灰浸取液和盐湖老卤废弃物的高值化利用奠定一定的理论基础。     

粉煤灰浸取液与盐湖富镁卤水制备镁铝水滑石及其性质研究

近些年来,粉煤灰和盐湖老卤镁资源的综合利用逐渐成为人们关注的焦点之一,绿色制备低成本类水滑石是有效的解决方式之一.本文以Na2CO3和NaOH为沉淀剂和pH调节剂,以高浓度粉煤灰浸取液中Al3+和近饱和富镁卤水中的Mg2+为金属离子源,采用共沉淀-水热法,成功制备了镁铝水滑石.通过XRD和SEM的测试分析探讨了陈化温度...     

水滑石及其焙烧产物对磷酸根的吸附

用共沉淀法合成了n(Mg)/n(Al)为2∶1的水滑石,通过在500℃下焙烧得到了其焙烧产物。研究了反应时间、pH及磷酸根浓度对磷酸根在水滑石及其焙烧产物上吸附量的影响。结果表明,水滑石对磷的吸附容量小于其焙烧产物,其吸附等温线都可以用Freundlich等温方程描述。在磷酸根浓度较低时(<0.05mmol/L),水滑石及其焙烧产物都可作为磷的高效吸附剂;当磷的浓度大于0.05mmol/L时,水滑石不能作为磷的高效吸附剂,但当磷酸根浓度在0.05～2.5mmol/L时,其焙烧产物仍可作为磷的高效吸附剂。在酸性环境下,水滑石及其焙烧产物在对阴离子的吸附过程中都有中和酸性溶液的作用。水滑石及其焙烧产物对磷的吸附具有不同的机理,并得到了X射线衍射的证实。