沂源地区不同类型岩土淋溶水与浸泡水的化学特征分析

为研究降水补给地下水过程中包气带岩土对水化学的影响,在沂源地区采集了不同地表岩土样品开展淋溶和浸泡试验。淋溶结果显示:易溶的Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)、CO_3~(2-)、NO_2~-、NO_3~-等阴离子率先溶解进入淋溶水中,之后K~+,Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),Fe等含量逐渐增加,且淋溶初期p H值呈碱性,之后向中性过渡。浸泡结果显示:不同类型岩土样经过浸泡5min后,其水化学组分发生了显著变化;随浸泡时间增加,K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、HCO_3~-及含盐量均出现不同程度增加,但Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)在不同类型岩土中含量变化则是不同的。由此推测,降水转入地下水过程中,透过地表浅层包气带时就已经淋溶了大量物质,水化学性质发生了重大变化。     

吉林省双辽市氟中毒病区与非病区水文地球化学特征

双辽市氟中毒病区与非病区地下水水化学类型均处于重碳酸型水带内。病区水文地球化学作用处于元素迁移—富集的过渡阶段或元素富集阶段的初期,其水化学类型呈现由HCO3→HCO3.Cl→Cl.HCO3型水的分带性展布,地下水溶解固体浓度为0.5～2.0 mg/L;非病区则处于元素迁移阶段,其水化学类型则为单一的HCO3.Ca型水,地下水溶解固体浓度一般均低于0.5 mg/L。地方性氟中毒的分布与区域水文地球化学特征之间存在着一定的联系,此种关系虽然不可作为病因看待,但仍可当作一种环境标志加以考虑。     

南北地震带南段水文地球化学特征及其与地震的关系

本文概述了南北地震带南段的水文地质条件和水文地球化学特征,并编绘了B、F、Li、Sr等微量元素的异常图,分析了水文地球化学与地震的关系。认为(1)构造对地震、地下热水和微量元素的高值区均具有控制作用,它们在空间分布上具有较明显的一致性;(2)高中温热水区(尤其是高中温热泉密集带),常常是地震活动的强烈区,但强震区不一定有高中温热泉密集;(3)在地震孕育过程中,温泉和热水井中的水温、流量和水化学成分均可发生变化。温泉热水中的水化学成分,特别是微量元素变化是地震预报的前兆信息之一。      

On macroseismic attenuation parameters in the comparison of theoretical seismic hazard maps for Southern Calabria and Eastern Sicily (Southern Italy)

For two different zonations of the Calabro-Sicilian region the macroseismic intensity attenuation parameters are computed using the Grandori model.Some modifications to this relation are proposed here in order to allow its applicability also to those cases in which the data set available for each source zone does not present three successive epicentral intensity levels (I ₀) as required for its application.Maps of theoretical distribution of maximum expected intensities were plotted for both zonations adopted, in order to test the reliability, also using other attenuation models.The results of the analysis show how the proposed modifications to the Grandori relation allow the macroseismic intensity attenuation modelling even in cases in which only one intensity level is available.Finally, the comparison of theoretical maximum expected intensity distribution maps, computed for different attenuation models and seismogenic zonations, shows that the maps plotted using the Grandori model and the zonation adopted by G.N.D.T. (Gruppo Nazionale Difesa dai Terremoti - C.N.R. Italy) are more reliable.     

深变质岩区地热流体化学特征及成因——以滇西陇川盆地温泉为例

为了对深变质岩区地热流体的成因和演化进行深入研究,在滇西陇川盆地开展了地质、放射性测量、磁法测量、水文地质和水文地球化学等调查工作,深入分析了盆地内尺巴处温泉的水文地球化学及同位素特征。结果表明：温泉水化学类型为HCO₃·SO₄·CO₃-Na型,温泉中Li⁺质量浓度为0.220 mg/L,达到了锂矿泉水的命名标准,F^-质量浓度为8.29 mg/L,可称为氟水,具医疗价值;温泉热水中冷水混入比例为0.72,热水补给高程为1 166.83 m,补给区温度为9.96℃,热储温度为191.71℃,循环深度为2 082.29 m,温泉天然放热量为9.49×10¹² J/a;温泉水来源于大气降水,为深循环上升泉;地下水水化学组分的成因类型为岩石风化型,其主要组分来源于水岩相互作用;热源主要为深部未冷却的岩浆传导热及活动断裂产生的构造热,其次有少部分岩体中放射性同位素产生的放射热;深变质岩区温泉水中的pH值,SO₄^2-、Cl^-、Na⁺、SiO₂质量浓度及总碱度高于冷水泉,Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺质量浓度低于冷水泉。     

Stable Carbon Isotope Variations in Cave Percolation Waters and their Implications in Four Caves of Guizhou, China

Monitoring and sampling of main plants,soil CO2,soil water,bedrock,spring water,drip water and its corresponding speleothem were performed at four cave systems of Guizhou,Southwest China,from April 2003 to May 2004,in order to understand stable carbon isotope ratios variations of dissolved inorganic Carbon(DIC) in cave percolation waters(δ13CDIC) and their implications for paleoclimate.Stable carbon isotopic compositions and ions(Ca,Mg,Sr,SO4,Cl etc.) were measured for all samples.The results indicate that there are significant differences among the δ13CDIC values from inter-cave,even inter-drip of intra-cave in the four caves.The δ13CDIC values from the Liangfeng Cave(LFC) is lightest among the four caves,where vegetation type overlying the cave is primary forest dominated by tall trees with lighter average δ13C value(–29.9‰).And there are remarkable differences in δ13CDIC values of different drip waters in the Qixing Cave(QXC) and Jiangjun Cave(JJC),up to 6.9‰ and 7.8‰,respectively.Further analyses show that the δ13CDIC values in cave drip waters are not only controlled by vegetation biomass overlying the cave,but also hydro-geochemical processes.Therefore,accurate interpreting of δ13C recorded in speleothems cannot be guaranteed if these effects of the above mentioned factors are not taken into consideration.     

Report on the 5th International Meeting of the IUGS Lower Cretaceous Ammonite Working Group,the Kilian Group (Ankara,Turkey, 31st August 2013)

The 5th meeting of the IUGS Lower Cretaceous Ammonite Working Group (the Kilian Group) held in Ankara, Turkey, 31st August 2013, discussed the Mediterranean ammonite zonation, and its calibration with different ammonite zonal schemes of the Boreal, Austral and Central Atlantic realms. Concerning the standard zonation, that corresponds to the zonal scheme of the West Mediterranean province, some changes have been made on two stages. For the Valanginian, the Busnardoites campylotoxus Zone was abandoned; the upper part of the lower Valanginian is now characterised by the Neocomites neocomiensiformis and Karakaschiceras inostranzewi zones. For the upper Barremian, the former Imerites giraudi Zone is here subdivided into two zones, a lower I. giraudi Zone and an upper Martellites sarasini Zone. The I. giraudi Zone is now subdivided into the I. giraudi and Heteroceras emerici subzones, previously considered as horizons. The current M. sarasini and Pseudocrioceras waagenoides subzones correspond to the lower and upper parts of the M. sarasini Zone, respectively. The Anglesites puzosianum Horizon is kept. The Berriasian, Hauterivian, Aptian and Albian zonal schemes have been discussed but no change was made. The upper Hauterivian zonal scheme of the Georgian (Caucasus) region (East Mediterranean province) has been compared with the standard zonation. Discussions and some attempts at correlations are presented here between the standard zonation and the zonal schemes of different palaeobiogeographical provinces: the North-West European area for the Valanginian and Hauterivian, the Argentinean region for the Berriasian, Valanginian and Hauterivian, and the Mexican area for the Valanginian–Hauterivian and Aptian–lower Albian. The report concludes with some proposals for future work.     

重庆雪玉洞地下河水文地球化学特征及其影响因素

以重庆市丰都县雪玉洞为研究对象,对地下河的水化学指标进行长期监测,并选取水鸣洞做平行研究,二者都属于雪玉洞群。通过对2011年11月-2013年2月的水化学结果进行分析得知：雪玉洞地下河的水化学类型为HCO3-Ca型,属于低矿化度岩溶水,水鸣洞水化学类型与雪玉洞相同;其主要水化学指标均表现出明显的季节变化趋势,pH值雨季低,旱季高,与降水变化趋势相反。地下河水 Ca2＋、Mg2＋、HCO3-浓度和电导率在雨季升高而旱季降低,旱季水鸣洞的HCO3-、Ca2＋、Mg2＋和Ec值高于雪玉洞;[ Mg2＋]/[ Ca2＋]表现出旱季较高而雨季较低的季节变化特征,可以反映外界干湿变化,其值受控于洞穴水运移过程中的的水土-水岩作用过程,旱季水鸣洞的值高于雪玉洞;SIc值旱季高雨季低,pCO2的变化趋势与pH相似、和SIc相反,旱季低雨季高,全年的SIc值大部分都在0之上,有利于碳酸盐的沉积,水鸣洞的SIc除2013年1月低于雪玉洞以外,其他月份略高于雪玉洞,相对应的 pCO2低于雪玉洞各监测点。     

鲁西南平原高氟地下水水文地球化学特征

鲁西南地处黄河冲积平原,地势平坦,地下水运移迟缓,以垂直交替为主,氟离子含量较高,生活用水氟含量多大于1mg／L。局部地段地下水中氟含量可达7mg／L。高氟地下水在平面分布上具有点状和片状分布特点,在垂向上具有愈往深处氟含量愈高的特点。     

菏泽凸起地下热水的水文地球化学特征及成因分析

在分析地下热水水文地球化学特征的基础上 ,对菏泽凸起地下热水的化学成分形成和演化过程进行了研究 ,并利用水文地球化学方法、同位素分析方法及古水文地质条件分析方法对菏泽凸起地下热水的成因进行了探讨。认为菏泽凸起地下热水为大气降水起源的入渗变质水。