加强富锰矿勘查工作,促进锰业发展

我国现有锰矿资源状况，不能满足钢铁工业发展的需要。寻找低磷低铁低硅富锰矿，是解决锰矿资源短缺的重要途径。城口锰矿具有较大的找矿前景，锰矿层产出稳定，锰含量高，铁含量低，烧失量大。加强城口矿区勘查，扩大矿床规模，可望成为我国锰矿的重要生产基地。     

风积沙环境下高等级公路冻土块石路基降温性能分析

青藏高原脆弱的生态系统以及人类工程活动,加剧了青藏工程走廊线性工程两侧沙漠化、荒漠化发展趋势,尤其冻土块石路基面临日益严重的风积沙灾害问题。以多年冻土区高等级公路块石路基为研究对象,采用数值模拟分析风积沙环境下封闭块石路基的降温性能和长期热稳定性。结果表明：风积沙堆积对封闭块石路基下部土层冻土温度的影响程度高于冻土上限,1.0 m湿沙工况降低冻土温度,0.2 m干沙则增大冻土温度。升温背景下,随年平均气温增加风沙堆积对路基冻土上限影响程度增强,干沙增大冻土融化深度,湿沙抬升冻土上限。随冻土含冰量减小,路基中心冻土上限对气候升温敏感性增加,风沙堆积影响减弱。气候升温和风沙堆积条件下,在年平均气温低于-5.5℃时,宽幅沥青路面封闭块石路基能够满足降温要求,使人为冻土上限保持在块石层内。研究成果可为风沙危害区多年冻土块石路基的病害治理和拟建青藏高速公路块石路基设计提供科学依据。     

冀东高级变质区的构造特征──冀东太古宙地质问题讨论之三

按照韧性剪切带的发育程度，将区内划分为迁西群分布区的弱变形域和遵化群分布区的强变形带。根据各种形变特征，认为迁西群及遵化群分别存在三次及两次叠加褶皱，其中迁西期形成的为轴面南倾的东西向线状同斜褶皱；遵化期第一幕为北东向摆动的紧密线形倒转褶皱。由于边界条件的限制，叠加在迁西群上的褶皱，轴向转为近南北向。迁西期褶皱因属同斜而具简单层状体特征，故每个单体的叠加背向形并非三斜对称，主要部分也并非穹盆构造，而为ｗ形蛇形弯曲，不存在原生的穹隆或卵形群构造；遵化期第二幕表现为舒缓的东西向叠加褶皱。区内的主要构造样式为包括迁西群在内的由叠加褶皱及两组共轭韧性剪切带共同作用所形成的迂西－曹在卵形隆起区；遵化群的弧形褶皱群被密云－喜峰口－王厂左行平移韧性断裂带带动形成的宽城－遵化帚状构造亚区以及由遵化群形成的青龙王厂－迁安重熔片麻岩穹隆亚区。     

凉山州富铁矿资源的分布及开发

凉山州境内的富铁矿按成因可分为火山型、热液型、沉积变质型、沉积型等类型,本文逐一对其分布、地质特征及规模等方面进行了叙述和总结;对主要富铁矿产地和储量作了统计,并介绍了主要矿区开发现状及经济效益。提出了今后矿山开发、资源保扩及寻找富铁矿的建议。     

冀东太古宙高级变质岩区若干地质问题的研究

在1∶5万区域地质填图及专题研究的基础上探讨了变质岩石中的岩浆侵位变形构造、褶皱构造及变形与变质作用的关系等三个方面的问题。研究表明冀东太古宙高级区变质岩石中不同程度地发育岩浆岩构造,包括在不同类型片麻岩之间所表现的穿切构造、基性岩墙中的矿物定向构造以及基性岩体边缘及其围岩的变形构造等,褶皱构造可分为表壳岩褶皱及片麻岩褶皱,高级区可能不存在大型的片麻岩褶皱,通过镜下特征矿物相的研究并结合野外变质基性岩墙的产状及特征,建立区域变质与变形作用的关系,从而为区域地质事件表的建立提供依据。     

辽宁鞍山－本溪地区铁矿床流体包裹体和硫、氢、氧同位素特征研究

鞍山-本溪地区是我国最大的铁矿集区,分布有诸多大型、特大型铁矿床,并且产出有弓长岭二矿区大型和齐大山、南芬中型磁铁富矿床。贫铁矿体与变质沉积岩和火山碎屑岩等围岩呈层状或似层状产于太古宙花岗岩中,富铁矿体(TFe50%)呈层状或透镜体状产于贫铁矿体和围岩及其附近的断裂带中,并可见明显的热液蚀变现象。为了探讨鞍本地区富铁矿的成因,为指导找富矿提供依据,本文主要对比研究了鞍本地区贫铁矿石和富铁矿石中流体包裹体、硫同位素和氢氧同位素特征。贫铁矿石(磁铁石英岩和假象赤铁石英岩)石英中含有大量的孤立分布负晶形气体包裹体(Ⅰc类包裹体),富铁矿石石英中主要以液体包裹体(Ⅰb类包裹体)为主,可见含子矿物的流体包裹体;贫铁矿石中黄铁矿的δ34S变化范围为-6.5‰~11.8‰,平均值为0.4‰,富铁矿石中黄铁矿的δ34S变化范围较大,为-7‰~14.4‰,平均值为2.0‰;贫铁矿石中磁铁矿δ18 O变化范围为3.4‰~10.4‰,平均值为7.1‰,石英δ18 O变化范围为11.8‰~15.1‰,平均值为13.4‰,富铁矿石中磁铁矿δ18 O变化范围为-1.4‰~6.5‰,平均值为2.3‰,富铁矿石中石英δ18 O变化范围为9.6‰~15.8‰,平均值为13.6‰,δD变化范围为-129‰~-75‰,平均值为-104‰。富铁矿石中石英流体包裹体、黄铁矿δ34S和磁铁矿δ18 O部分继承了贫铁矿石的特征,但是显示更多的后期热液特征,暗示鞍本地区富铁矿石是在贫铁矿石的基础上受后期热液改造形成的。富铁矿石中石英的氢氧同位素特征表明其热液流体主要为混合岩化热液,富铁矿的形成可能为去硅富铁模式,同时也可能有铁质活化再转移模式。     

Diagenetic and low-grade metamorphic terranes of Gaspé Peninsula related to the geological structure of the Taconian and Acadian orogenic belts, Quebec Appalachians

Abstract Illite crystallinity (IC) measurements, determination of the proportion of 2M mica-polytypes and organic-matter reflectance measurements establish regional diagenetic/low-grade metamorphic trends for the Taconian and Acadian belts of Gaspé Peninsula. IC varies as a function of many factors besides maximum burial temperature and heating time. Correlation between IC and %2M illite polytypes for the Fortin Group and Temiscouata Formation suggests (i) that the amount of high-grade detrital mica in the samples is low, and (ii) that IC can be used with some confidence as an estimator of regional thermal maturation levels. Correlation of these parameters with available organic reflectance values further supports this assumption. The illites of the Temiscouata and western Fortin groups are mostly phengitic in composition, whereas in the eastern outcrop belt they are more Mg- and Fe-rich (celadonitic), but generally also of lower grade and lower 2M content. The d(060) values for illites measured on the unorientated <2-μm fraction of samples fall between 1.502 and 1.503 Å (range: 1.500–1.504 Å), indicating relatively low octahedral occupancy by Mg and Fe (between one-fifth and one-third of the available spaces). Pyrophyllite and paragonite were not detected. Chlorites are Fe-rich and ripidolitic. The IC map for the Acadian belt of the peninsula displays general congruence between IC contours (2200 sample points) and structural trends for the 27,000-km² area. The highest grades (anchimetamorphic) are associated with the oldest rocks (Honorat and Matapedia groups) exposed in the cores of major anticlines. Anchimetamorphic grades associated with the western outcrop belt of the Lower Devonian Fortin Group require 7–8 km of subsidence to accommodate sufficient thickness of overlying younger rocks (on top of 4–5 km of Fortin Group deep-water clastics) to explain the grades in terms of burial metamorphism assuming a geothermal gradient of 30° C km^?1. The lowest-grade diagenetic rocks occupy a large area in the northeastern part of the peninsula, smaller areas in the northwestern part of the Acadian belt, in the centre of Chaleurs Bay synclinorium, and in the Ordovician Mictaw Group. The contact between the Taconian and Acadian belt is marked by a distinct maturation discontinuity. The Grand Pabos fault juxtaposes rocks of contrasting maturation levels (Matapedia Group against Fortin Group) in the west, but shows no maturation offset further east in the Honorat Group. The fault zone limiting the Fortin Group in the north is also associated with a major IC jump.     

P–T–fluid evolution in the Mahalapye Complex, Limpopo high-grade terrane, eastern Botswana

Metapelites, migmatites and granites from the c. 2 Ga Mahalapye Complex have been studied for determining the P–T–fluid influence on mineral assemblages and local equilibrium compositions in the rocks from the extreme southwestern part of the Central Zone of the Limpopo high‐grade terrane in Botswana. It was found that fluid infiltration played a leading role in the formation of the rocks. This conclusion is based on both well‐developed textures inferred to record metasomatic reactions, such as Bt ? And + Qtz + (K₂O) and Bt ± Qtz ? Sil + Kfs + Ms ± Pl, and zonation of Ms | Bt + Qtz | And + Qtz and Grt | Crd | Pl | Kfs + Qtz reflecting a perfect mobility (Korzhinskii terminology) of some chemical components. The conclusion is also supported by the results of a fluid inclusion study. CO₂ and H₂O ( = 0.6) are the major components of the fluid. The fluid has been trapped synchronously along the retrograde P–T path. The P–T path was derived using mineral thermobarometry and a combination of mineral thermometry and fluid inclusion density data. The Mahalapye Complex experienced low‐pressure granulite facies metamorphism with a retrograde evolution from 770 °C and 5.5 kbar to 560 °C and 2 kbar, presumably at c. 2 Ga.     

冬季影响北疆高速公路行车安全的气象要素特征分析

利用1961—2007年长达47a高速、高等级公路沿线气象站的资料,重点研究北疆高速、高等级公路沿线冬季影响车辆安全行驶的气象要素的气候特征,分析该路段降雪、积雪、结冰、冻雨等气象要素的时间和空间分布,并依据气候分布特点从气候的角度将北疆高速、高等级公路沿线路段按降雪、积雪、结冰、冻雨等对行车安全影响程度划分为极易打滑路段、较易打滑路段、易打滑路段和不易打滑路段,为公路管理部门提供科学的、合理的防御和减少冬季交通事故的理论依据。     

弓长岭铁矿床磁铁富矿形成机制探讨

弓长岭沉积变质型铁矿床是我国鞍山式铁矿床的典型代表,矿床中的磁铁富矿体的形成一直都是矿床研究的重点问题。研究表明,弓长岭富铁矿体赋存于反S型褶皱中,局部矿体出现褶曲现象。磁铁富矿体产于主要是由斜长角闪石、磁铁石英岩构成的含铁岩系中。磁铁富矿的围岩主要是绿泥片岩、石榴绿泥片岩、绿泥石榴岩和少量黑云母绿泥片岩。对绿泥石片岩、石榴绿泥片岩和绿泥石榴岩的常量、微量与稀土元素的研究和对绿泥石、石榴石、黑云母铁含量与磁铁矿品位的研究表明,含铁岩系在沉积间歇中出现的含铝的泥质-粉砂质物质在富铁矿形成过程中起对磁铁石英岩中带出的硅消耗（带入）形成石榴石、绿泥石、黑云母等的作用。区域变质作用为磁铁富矿的形成提供了储矿空间,同时区域变质作用产生变质热液,变质热液淋滤途经的磁铁石英岩可从中带出FeO,变质热液是磁铁富矿形成过程中重要的物质载体。在进变质过程中,区域变质作用为矿物转换提供所需的温压条件。可见,区域变质作用是磁铁富矿形成的重要条件。