城市水土环境变化的地质指标体系

随着全球城市化进程的不断加快,城市水土环境变化日益引起人们的关注。借鉴国际地质指标研究的思路,有针对性地构建了城市水土环境变化的地质指标体系。首先明确了城市水土环境的概念内涵,确定了指标体系构建的原则,在此基础上提出了融合“CSR模型”和“PSR模型”的指标体系框架,在此框架指导下构建了城市水土环境变化调查指标体系和监测指标体系,二者共同构成了城市水土环境变化地质指标体系,为城市水土环境调查、监测与管理提供了前期的技术支撑。     

沙漠化的地质指标体系

沙漠化是人类面临的最严重的生态环境问题之一,直接影响着人类的生存环境和社会稳定。以过去对沙漠化环境地质调查评价和研究为工作基础,重点对存在沙漠化环境地质问题的生态环境脆弱区进行实地调研,建立沙漠化地质指标体系,确定调查指标和监测指标,为科学评价地质环境变化和完善地质环境监测预警体系提供技术支撑。     

草地退化的地质指标体系

借鉴国际地质指标工作组提出的地质指标概念,从分析草地退化的各种影响因素及其对演化过程的控制作用,以及草地生态系统退化过程中的各种响应关系入手,按照“影响-状态-后果模型”（CSR模型）和“压力-状态-响应模型”（PSR模型）构建了草地退化地质指标体系。     

Geomorphological changes in an arid transgressive coastal dune field due to natural processes and human impacts

Geomorphological changes in recent decades in an arid transgressive coastal dune system (Maspalomas, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands) are analyzed. The methodology used is based on the generation of two geomorphological maps (1961 and 2003) by interpretation of digital orthophotos. The overlay of both maps in a geographic information system (GIS) enabled the spatial and surface changes of the landforms to be determined, and the processes that generated these changes. Twelve cultural and geomorphological processes were identified from highest to lowest importance, namely: anthropization by urban occupation (114 ha changed), stabilization (92.5 ha), barchanization (37 ha), salinization/halophytication (15 ha), anthropization (12.4 ha), deflation (11.8 ha), dune loss/beach gain (11.3 ha), dune formation (9.6 ha), progradation (8 ha), retrogradation (7.7 ha), destabilization (2.7 ha) and flooding (0.7 ha). Geomorphological changes are associated with a combination of five main factors, three of anthropogenic origin and two natural ones. The natural factors are: (1) the arid climate, which favors changes occurring at high speed; (2) the existence of a progressive sedimentary deficit. Anthropogenic factors are: (3) construction of tourist urbanizations, infrastructures and facilities; (4) installation of equipment or infrastructure on the beaches; (5) the activities carried out by users. These human factors have altered the aeolian dynamics and reduced the area occupied by vegetation in some areas, causing changes in aeolian sedimentary processes. The geomorphological processes identified can be used as indicators of environmental change, allowing us to synthesize the changes in landforms detected, and group all combinations derived from the analysis by GIS and analyze them spatially. Thus, the environmental changes in the transgressive coastal dune systems could be interpreted more effectively. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地质环境问题的地质指标体系框架及其构建方法

面对复杂、多变、脆弱的地质环境和不断加剧的人类工程经济活动,急需建立面向多种地质环境问题的地质指 标体系。针对中国地质环境工作现状,借鉴国际地质指标工作组最新的成果和经验,对地质指标的定义、内涵进行了 修订和拓展,创建了包括调查指标体系（影响指标、状态指标、后果指标）和监测指标体系（压力指标、状态指标、 响应指标）的地质指标体系框架,并建立了从面向单一地质环境问题的地质指标体系的构建思路、实际范例,到面向 一个国家或地区的地质指标体系的构建步骤,为地质指标的创建、完善和应用指明了方向。     

湿地退化的地质指标体系

从湿地退化的原因、表现形式和湿地退化造成的危害3个方面分别提取筛选出影响指标、状态指标和后果指标,构建成完整的湿地退化调查指标体系（CSR模型）。从湿地退化对人类产生的压力、压力状态、人类的应对等方面提取压力指标、状态指标和响应指标,构建成监测指标体系（PSR模型）。综合调查指标体系和监测指标体系得到湿地退化的地质指标体系,对评价湿地生态环境变化具有重要意义,可为湿地管理、湿地恢复和重建提供技术基础。     

石漠化的地质指标体系

分析了岩溶石漠化地质指标的概念和特征,从影响石漠化环境的自然因子、人文因子,石漠化发育分布现状和所引发的后果或危害中提取相应的指标,依照影响（Cause）-状态（State）-后果（Result）框架构建了石漠化地质指标体系。探讨了石漠化地质指标的研究内容,包括指标的研究意义、指标变化的原因和指标监测的空间尺度、时间尺度、测量方法。