胜利油气区有机包裹体研究及其在油气勘探中的应用

应用显微光度术、显微傅立叶红外光谱（Ｍｉｃｒｏ－ＦＴ．ＩＲ）和飞行时间二次离子质谱（ＴＯＦ－ＳＩＭＳ）等原位微分析技术并结合均一温度测量对胜利油气区下第三系沙河街组沙三段中有机包裹体进行了研究。区分出两类有机包裹体，即原生有机包裹体和次生有机包裹体。结果表明两类有机包裹体特征不同，二者物质组成、有机质成分及化学结构、热演化程度等差别也较大。结合地质分析表明原生有机包裹体是沙三段烃源岩生成烃类运移产物，具“自生自储”特点，而次生有机包裹体是沙四段烃源岩生成的烃类二次运移的产物。沙三段是沙河街组油气运移和聚集的主要层位，因而是寻找油气资源的主要目标层。研究表明，有机包裹体是研究油气生成、运移、聚集和演化等成藏系统最有效的手段之一，在油气勘探中有重要的应用意义。     

高能偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪应用现状和进展

对高能偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪基本特点及其用于环境、生物、地质样品中痕量元素的分析和RoSH检测等领域的应用现状予以介绍,并对二次靶与滤光片在痕量元素分析中的应用作了探讨。     

能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定钼矿石中钼铅铁铜

建立了能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定钼矿石中钼、铅、铁、铜的方法,讨论了粒度效应、矿物效应的影响因素,确定了采取粉末样品,用系列标准样品建立工作曲线,通过元素间相互校正消除基体效应,用内控标准样品考察了方法的精密度(RSD,n=11)为0.44%～15.4%。实际样品的测定结果和化学法相符,可满足日常分析工作需要。     

激光拉曼光谱法分析多种显微组分荧光变化及其应用

利用激发488 nm激光的氩离子激光器作为RENISHAW inVia型激光拉曼光谱仪的光源,建立了多种显微组分荧光变化(FAMM)分析方法,并对镜质体反射率明显抑制的东营凹陷有效烃源岩进行了测定。结果表明,东营凹陷有效烃源岩的有机质类型越好,镜质体反射率抑制程度越高,有效烃源岩的真实成熟度应主要处于0.64%~1.30%,而不是实测镜质体反射率所反映的0.37%~1.10%。     

Optical spectrum based measurement of flotation slurry contents

Monitoring and control of a flotation circuit is mainly based on the information gained by assaying the process slurry lines. In flotation plants, usually an X-ray fluorescence analyzer is used to obtain the on-line assays. This article introduces the visual and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopic analysis of the process slurries as a supplementary method which complements the on-line assay information available from an X-ray fluorescence analyzer. It is shown that the spectral information can be used to accurately predict the element contents in the slurry in between successive XRF analyses. Since the spectral measurements can be taken with high frequency as opposed to the sparse X-ray fluorescence analysis, a practically continuous on-line estimate of the slurry contents is reached. These estimates can be used in the plant control to improve the overall performance of the circuits and to yield also economical savings. Additionally, the frequent monitoring of the grades can provide means to eliminate rapid disturbances in the circuits, thus improving the stability of the process.     

Egg production of Calanus finmarchicus—A basin-scale study

Egg production of Calanus finmarchicus was studied during joint basin-scale surveys in April–June 2003 in the Norwegian Sea. Surveys covered the whole Norwegian Sea and were conducted from Norwegian, Icelandic and Faroese research vessels. Stations were classified as being in pre-bloom, bloom or post-bloom phase according to levels of chlorophyll a and nitrate. Individual egg production rates and population egg production rates were calculated and compared between areas. Both individual egg production rates (eggs female⁻¹ day⁻¹) and population egg production rates (eggs m⁻² day⁻¹) were significantly higher in bloom areas compared with pre-bloom and post-bloom areas. However, when integrated over an estimated duration of the three phases, the time-integrated egg production (eggs m⁻²) in most years was highest in the pre-bloom phase, and this was explained by the longer duration of this phase compared with the two other phases.     

基于荧光原理的叶绿素a传感器校准方法研究

利用传感器对水体叶绿素a 浓度进行原位测量是获取实时、连续、长时间序列数据的重要手段。本文在对RBR 传感器和ECO（Environmental Characterization Optics）传感器进行原理分析和线性度、稳定性、重复性等基本性能测试的基础上，利用单一藻种培养液和2020年南海北部海域现场数据校准传感器，并对新的传感器校准系数进行验证。结果表明：两台传感器使用新系数比原出厂系数的叶绿素a 浓度测量准确度有明显提高。RBR 传感器现场数据校准系数的计算结果与叶绿素a 标准值误差最小，平均绝对误差从1.93 μg/L 减小到0.35 μg/L，平均相对误差从55.1%减小到10.9%；ECO 传感器藻液系数明显优于出厂系数和现场数据校准系数的计算结果，平均绝对误差从1.76 μg/L 减小到0.59 μg/L，平均相对误差从50.3%减小到15.1%。传感器测量准确度的提高，可为海洋环境监测、海洋生态灾害预警等工作获取真实可靠数据提供支撑。     

Microphytobenthos vertical migratory photoresponse as characterised by light-response curves of surface biomass

The migratory response of intertidal microphytobenthos to changes in irradiance was studied on undisturbed estuarine sediments. Two non-destructive optical techniques were used to trace variations in vivo of surface biomass: PAM fluorometry, for measuring the minimum fluorescence level (F_o); and spectral reflectance analysis, for quantifying the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Following the formation of a dense biofilm at the surface, replicated sediment samples were simultaneously exposed to six different irradiance levels, ranging from 50 to 1500 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, during a period of 120 min. The migratory photoresponse of the biofilms was characterised by constructing biomass vs. light curves (BLC), relating the accumulation of microalgal biomass after that period (estimated by F_o or NDVI) to the irradiance level incident on the surface. BLCs allow characterising the main features of the migratory photoresponse of intact biofilms. Typical BLC showed a clear biphasic pattern, with an increase in microalgal accumulation under irradiances below 100 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, maximum values under 100–250 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, and a gradual decrease of surface biomass under higher irradiances, indicating a strong photophobic downward migratory response. Similar BLC patterns were obtained when measuring F_o or NDVI. The construction of BLCs for biofilms from intertidal sites with distinctive sediment characteristics and diatom taxonomic composition allowed to detected significant differences in the migratory photoresponse. Biofilms from a muddy sediment exhibited considerably larger amplitude in the migratory photoresponse than the biofilms from a sandy mud site, especially under high irradiances. The photophobic migratory response to high light was found to vary among diatom species, particularly in the case of the biofilms from the muddy sediments.     

Application of Atomic Force Microscopy to Observation of Marine Bacteria

The atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a recently developed, bench-top instrument that can image the surface structures of biological specimens at high resolution with simultaneous measurement of their size. This paper describes the application of AFM to marine bacteria. Both natural and cultured bacteria were retained on a filter or placed on glass, washed, air-dried and observed by AFM. The instrumental condition, the choice of suitable filter, effect of fixation and filtration, comparison with epifluorescent microscopic (EFM) count, and the size and shape of bacterial cells were investigated. An Isopore filter was best for concentration and subsequent observation because of its surface flatness. Cross section images showed that both rod and coccoid cells were flattened, the former usually having a two-humped shape. Bacterial cells were differentiated from non-living particles based on their cross section shape and size. Bacterial counts by AFM and EFM showed good agreement. Although size measurement is easily done by the instrument, AFM tends to overestimate the size of microspheres. More work is thus needed on the size measurement of living organisms. Because AFM easily provides images of natural bacterial cells at high magnification, it can be used as a new tool to study the fine structures of marine bacteria. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

水中矿物油荧光特性实验研究

为了实现现场测量地表水中矿物油含量的全光纤荧光计的研制。采用荧光光谱测量分析方法 ,于 1 999年 1 0月— 2 0 0 0年 5月 ,采集了国内外不同的地区原油和成品油共 2 3种 ,用1 4种不同波长的激发光激励 ,进行荧光光谱特性测量实验研究。同时 ,对不同浓度的矿物油、水混合液也进行了测量实验 ,得出其最低检测浓度为 0 .0 0 5mg/L ;测量了青岛近岸海域表层受油污染海水的含油量为 0 .0 1～ 0 .2 2mg/L ;此外对水中矿物油受激荧光发射原理也作了简述。并对水中矿物油荧光光谱特性、浓度与荧光强度的关系 ,以及为研制现场测量水中矿物油浓度的全光纤荧光计的可能性作出了结论性的意见