An Evaluation of the Inter‐Method Discrepancies in Ferromanganese Nodule Proficiency Test GeoPT 23A

Round 23 of the GeoPT international proficiency testing scheme included the ferromanganese nodule powder FeMn‐1 which was distributed as an additional sample (23A). The aim of this initiative was to assess overall analytical performance for such a challenging oxide matrix with a view to the possible certification of such a material in accordance with ISO Guide requirements. To investigate inter‐method discrepancies, precision data and the method means for the most frequently used analytical methods (XRF, ICP‐MS and ICP‐AES) and sample preparation techniques were calculated and then compared using statistical tests of equivalence. For most major elements, XRF and ICP‐AES data dominated and these were found to give equivalent results. In contrast, for most trace elements significant discrepancies were detected between data obtained by different analytical methods. Possible causes are discussed with a view to attributing their origin to calibration strategy, sensitivity or interferences. It is assumed that the unusual oxide matrix generated unexpected interferences and thus method bias. Discrepancies observed between data from different analytical methods provide valuable information for the participating analysts, helping them to avoid systematic errors and thus minimising bias. They also suggest actions necessary to improve results for any future certification of such a material.     

海山区铁锰结壳基座的起源及其成因分类方案

本文论述了海山区铁锰结壳基座的起源及其成因分类，在剖析了铁锰结壳基座的研究历史与现状，时空分布及其属性之后，还揭示了铁锰结壳基座的起源，演化，现今性状与内在的规律性联系；同时提出了铁锰结壳基座的成因分类方案；并且指出了这个分类方案在铁锰结壳矿床学研究领域的理论和实际价值。     

Transfer of manganese and ferro ions by manganese bacteria

Ｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒｏｆｍａｎｇａｎｅｓｅａｎｄｆｅｒｒｏｉｏｎｓｂｙｍａｎｇａｎｅｓｅｂａｃｔｅｒｉａ￥ＳｈｉＪｕｎｘｉａｎａｎｄＣｈｅｎＺｈｏｎｇｙｕａｎ（ＴｈｅＳｅｃｏｎｄｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＯｃｅａｎｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＳｔａｔｅＯｃｅａｎｉｃＡｄ...     

钻机易磨损件更换时间间隔的灰色预测

提出了采用铁谱分析技术、运用灰色预测理论对钻机易磨损件的更换时间间隔进行灰色预测。通过实例计算,证明本方法效果良好。