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海洋极端环境微生物活动与油气资源关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了弄清海洋极端环境下微生物参与油气资源形成和演化的潜在机制, 进行了现代海洋热泉和冷泉等环境中微生物类型分析和生物量估算, 探讨了极端微生物活动和油气资源的潜在关系.认为海洋极端环境下微生物类型主要为细菌和古细菌, 热泉微生物群落主要为异养发酵菌、硫酸盐还原菌、产甲烷菌等; 冷泉微生物群落主要为ANME-2族的厌氧甲烷氧化古细菌、硫酸盐还原细菌和ANME-1族厌氧甲烷氧化古菌.这些极端微生物利用CH4和H2S等气体进行能量固定, 有较高的生物丰度和较低的分异度, 具有垂向和水平分带性, 并能营生一套独特的宏体生物.极端微生物活动直接和间接地参与了油气资源的形成和改造, 示踪海底油气资源的变迁.对于探索地球早期海洋微生物活动与油气资源形成, 寻找地史时期或华南地史早期烃源岩具有重要理论和实践指导意义. 相似文献
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To understand the potential mechanism of marine extremophiles participating in the formation and the evolution of hydrocarbon
resources in marine extreme environments, some typical kinds of extremophiles and their distributions in marine hydrothermal
and cold vents are discussed and evaluated respectively. The potential relationship between extremophile activities and hydrocarbon
resources in marine extreme environments are then discussed in details. It could be now preliminary concluded that archaea
and bacteria are the two main kinds of extremophiles in marine extreme environments. The dominating microbe communities in
hydrothermal vents are heterotrophic zymogens, sulfate reducers and methanogens, while the ANME-2 group (Methanosarcinales) surrounded by sulfate-reducing bacteria and ANME-1 group dominate in cold vents. Marine extremophiles would be able to use
CH4 and H2S to synthesize energy for metabolism and to support food chains for other unique macrobiota nearby, which together present
a high abundance but a low diversity with distinct characteristics of horizontal and vertical distributions. Marine extremophiles
might play an important role either directly or indirectly in the processes of hydrocarbon formation and subsequent alteration,
and could indicate the evolution of hydrocarbon resources in marine extreme environments. Our research thus has a great significance
both in theoretical approach of potential hydrocarbon resources formed by marine extremophile activities and in practical
exploration of the potential hydrocarbonsource sedimentary layers formed in the Earth history or the potential strata in southern
China.
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Translated from Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2007, 32(6): 781–788 [译自: 地球科学—中国地质大学学报] 相似文献
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极端环境下的微生物及其生物地球化学作用 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
极端微生物是地球生物圈的重要组成部分。极端微生物的地球化学定位在微生物学与地球化学以及一些相关学科的交叉点上,最近10年已经发展成为地质生物学研究的热门领域。对极端微生物的研究不仅有助于回答生命起源、生命极限、生命本质甚至其他生命形式等生命科学问题,而且其生物地球化学作用在地球系统科学研究中具有重大科学研究价值,对揭示生物圈与地圈协同演化的奥秘、认识生命与环境相互作用规律及地球的化学演化提供重要证据。总结了嗜热菌、嗜冷菌、嗜酸菌、嗜碱菌、嗜压菌、嗜盐菌以及抗辐射菌的主要类群,论述了极端微生物适应环境的机制,探讨了极端微生物的生物地球化学意义。作者预测未来将会在生物标志化合物研究、同位素地球化学分析和分子生物学综合研究的基础上协同推进极端微生物地球化学学科的发展。 相似文献
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