西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段普兰纯橄岩中橄榄石的出溶特征及指示意义

西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段普兰纯橄岩中橄榄石存在透辉石和磁铁矿共生出溶现象。这类纯橄岩非常新鲜,主要由橄榄石、尖晶石和透辉石等矿物组成。橄榄石的Fo值是90.1~90.7,铬尖晶石的Cr~#为19.8~20.8,远小于蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩中常见纯橄岩中铬尖晶石的铬值(Cr~#60)。基于前人研究结果,提出这种现象是由于亏损方辉橄榄岩与含钛、铝、钙熔体发生交代作用,从而形成橄榄石的固溶体存在Ti~(4+)、Al~(3+)、Ca~(2+)、Fe~(3+),而Cr~(3+)进入铬尖晶石结晶。后期由于岩体在抬升过程中降温,橄榄石中出溶形成单斜辉石和磁铁矿,而铬尖晶石结晶被保留。依据铬尖晶石-橄榄石的矿物化学成分,识别出低铬纯橄岩具有最低的部分熔融程度为~8%,Cr~#最高的纯橄岩壳其部分熔融程度达到~50%,表明不同岩相间其形成背景存在明显差异。因此,笔者认为普兰蛇绿岩具有多阶段的过程。首先是在洋中脊环境下经历富Ca、Al和Na等熔体交代和部分熔融作用,后受到俯冲带玻安质熔体改造。     

CCSD超高压变质岩绿辉石中的石英出溶体及其大陆动力学意义

单斜辉石中发育石英出溶体是UHP变质作用的典型矿物学标志之一,在世界上著名UHP变质地体中屡有发现。本文利用激光Raman光谱和电子探针分析在中国大陆科学钻探先导孔(CCSD-PP1)榴辉岩岩心的绿辉石中发现了大量石英(棒)出溶现象。通过与CCSD主孔榴辉岩各种赋存形式的绿辉石成分对比,发现含石英出溶体的绿辉石具有超硅特征,这是出溶现象发生的决定性因素之一。结合高压实验岩石学资料,提出在UHP变质的峰值期部分Si进入六次配位的Si-O八面体位置,压力降低这部分Si析出,形成石英出溶体的出溶机制。结合新的矿物学研究进展,认为绿辉石中出溶石英所标志的压力应远大于前人提出的2.5GPa,意味着苏鲁超高压变质带陆壳物质的俯冲深度要大于目前一般认为的80~120km范围。     

中国大陆科学钻探（CCSD）UHP岩石石英脉中磷灰石团块独居石出溶物的U-Th-Pb化学定年

CCSD主孔榴辉岩等UHP岩石石英脉中存在团块状到不规则脉体状的磷灰石集合体,显微镜下观察发现其中存在四种出溶物:磁铁矿和赤铁矿的连生体、赤铁矿、独居石和锶重晶石;出溶物的长轴和生长方向均基本平行于磷灰石之C轴,显示它们可能是基本同时出溶的。其中独居石出溶体多为菱形到板状自形晶体,宽约6—10μm,长约50～75μm。运用CHIME化学定年方法对CCSD磷灰石团块中的独居石出溶物进行了年代学研究,获得其Th-Pb等时线年龄为202±28．3Ma,表明磷灰石团块形成于榴辉岩在折返过程中的重结晶和退变质,时代为晚三叠世。该年龄可能也代表了CCSD中UHP岩石中包裹磷灰石团块的石英脉的形成时代。     

Crystal chemistry of Fe-containing sphalerites

 Cell dimensions and solvus properties of Fe-containing sphalerites, depending on temperature and sulfur fugacity, were investigated using equilibrated powdered materials synthesized from elements and binary sulfides under vacuum. The Fe solvus in sphalerite, determined by optical microscopy and microprobe analysis, are directly correlated with increasing temperature and decreasing sulfur fugacity controlled by solid-state buffers. The increase of lattice parameters with Fe correlates with an increase of FeS independent of sulfur fugacity up to 10 mol% FeS within ZnS. Above about 10 mol% the lattice parameters are strongly depending on the sulfur fugacity controlled Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ ratios. The Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ ratios determined by Moessbauer spectroscopy and involving metal vacancies depend on the sulfur fugacity. The critical Fe²⁺ content determined by experimental simulations as well as the minimal Fe³⁺/ Fe²⁺ ratios agree with the required minimal Fe content for CuFeS₂-DIS in sphalerite. The critical Fe²⁺ content also agrees with the change of Moessbauer signal from a singlet to a doublet for Fe²⁺ containing sphalerite. Pyrrhotite exsolutions in sphalerite caused by higher sulfur fugacity show orientationally intergrown with the sphalerite matrix. Density data calculated from lattice parameters and composition are compared with experimental density measurements. Received: 25 April 2001 / Accepted: 14 February 2003