区位进入理论与企业集团的国际化扩张——以海尔集团为例

中国企业集团是改革开放以后出现的大型企业组织 ,在经济全球化的背景下 ,研究其国际化扩张具有重大现实意义。本文在详细介绍Hayter的国际企业区位进入理论的基础上 ,以海尔集团为例 ,分析了企业集团的国际化扩张过程 ;其次 ,分析了海尔集团所具有的进入优势以及所面临的空间进入壁垒。海尔集团所具有的进入优势有管理与文化优势、技术创新优势、产品质量优势、营销优势 ,但还面临着心理距离、企业规模小以及东道国政策的限制等空间壁垒。最后 ,提出了有关企业集团国际化扩张的一些对策。     

AGRICULTURAL EXPANSION IN NORTHERN ALBERTA

ABSTRACT. Since the early 1980s some 40,000 acres of forested land have been cleared and placed under cultivation by Mennonite farmers near the small town of La Crete in northern Alberta's Peace River district. This incipient agriculture has been accompanied by dramatic increases in road building and home construction and by the establishment of churches and schools. The principal force behind the acquisition of land has been a desire of families to have homes in rural areas where they can enjoy lifestyles based on traditional Mennonite values. Because most new farmers cannot earn a living in the district from agriculture alone, they must rely on the wood industries to supplement their incomes. Demand is building for the province to open still more land, but disagreements between the government and the Mennonite community about the most appropriate location for developing new farms has put further expansion on hold until the conflict can be resolved.     

瞬变电磁场的奇点展开法

在分析电磁系统自然谐振现象的基础上,简述了瞬变电磁场奇点展开法的物理基础、基本理论、极点提取方法,并考查了奇点展开法在地球物理中的应用可能性。     

向心扩张指数构建及其在郑州都市圈城镇空间扩张中的应用

探究城镇空间扩张的方向性及其时间变化特征,能够反映都市圈发展过程中核心城市与边缘地区空间关联的动态过程,为制定都市圈发展的相关政策提供科学依据。本文从都市圈的核心城市与边缘地区相互关联的视角,借鉴物理学中力的分解原理,构建了同时兼顾扩张强度和方向性的向心扩张指数CEI,并以郑州都市圈为对象,采用2000—2018年30 m分辨率的全球人造不透水面数据产品GAIA,分析了建设用地扩张的总体数量和占比变化、动态度及强度变化、以及空间方向性变化等特征,进一步应用多元逻辑回归模型,揭示了影响城镇空间扩张向心性的关键因素。结果表明：(1)向心扩张指数CEI为揭示都市圈核心城市对边缘地区的辐射带动作用提供方法支撑,能够定量刻画边缘地区朝向核心城市的发展趋势;(2)在郑州都市圈近20年的快速扩张过程中,尽管各区县市的DEI指数和CEI指数随时间而增减波动,但郑州都市圈总体呈现“核心—边缘”发展模式,除个别地级市中心城区及其下辖县以外,多数区县市的向心性显著且随时间增强,郑州市中心城区对于边缘地区具有显著的辐射带动作用;(3)核心城市与边缘地区的人均GDP差异及城镇化率差异是影响边缘地区向心扩张的重要...     

端头扩大型土锚的新发展 ——船锚式注浆张开型土锚

作为提高锚固性能的一种有效手段，端头扩大型土锚被广泛应用于实际工程。介绍了端头扩大型锚杆的各种扩孔方法，重点阐述一种新型的船锚式注浆张开型土锚。带有锚抓的新型土锚，不需要专门的扩孔机械，在注浆作用下能连续完成端头扩张与灌浆，具有施工方便、锚固面大、效果好等优点。通过对土锚进行张开试验，证明了在上海等软土地区通过灌浆压力使锚抓张开并形成扩大头是能够实现的。     

考虑土体结构性损伤的沉桩挤土效应解析分析

根据土塑性力学基本原理,采用简化的线性软化模型并考虑土的结构性损伤影响,推导出沉桩时产生的挤压应力的空间解析解,并在此基础上分析了土体具有不同的损伤程度时沉桩产生的挤压应力和极限扩张压力的空间分布规律。同时,采用Henkel孔隙水压力公式,进一步分析孔隙水压力的发展规律,该解析解可以弥补经典圆孔扩张理论在沉桩应用中的不足,能更好地揭示沉桩时的挤土机理。     

基于循环孔洞扩张模型的X型圆管节点超低周疲劳寿命预测

海洋工程钢结构在服役过程中,受风、浪、流或地震等极端循环载荷的影响,易发生超低周疲劳断裂破坏,造成人员伤亡及财产损失,因此超低周疲劳断裂分析及寿命预测对于海工结构安全性评估至关重要。然而,现阶段基于累积损伤理论提出的多种超低周疲劳寿命预测模型无法对多尺度节点实现统一预测,造成了实际工程应用的不便。因此文中基于循环孔洞扩张模型开展X型圆管节点超低周疲劳寿命预测。首先,开发了基于循环孔洞扩张模型的VUSDFLD程序,实现ABAQUS与FORTRAN子程序联合应用,利用有限元分析验证循环孔洞扩张模型在X型圆管节点超低周疲劳断裂分析中的有效性;其次,根据多组X型圆管节点超低周疲劳断裂有限元分析结果,在宏观层面提出了一种基于Manson-Coffin公式的超低周疲劳寿命预测公式;最后,依据Miner理论,将适用于等幅加载的超低周疲劳寿命公式扩展至变幅加载情况,验证了多种节点尺寸下超低周疲劳公式的适用性,为工程应用提供了理论依据。     

Driving forces and their interactions of built-up land expansion based on the geographical detector – a case study of Beijing,China

Scientific interpretation of the driving forces of built-up land expansion is essential to urban planning and policy-making. In general, built-up land expansion results from the interactions of different factors, and thus, understanding the combined impacts of built-up land expansion is beneficial. However, previous studies have primarily been concerned with the separate effect of each driver, rather than the interactions between the drivers. Using the built-up land expansion in Beijing from 2000 to 2010 as a study case, this research aims to fill this gap. A spatial statistical method, named the geographical detector, was used to investigate the effects of physical and socioeconomic factors. The effects of policy factors were also explored using physical and socioeconomic factors as proxies. The results showed that the modifiable areal unit problem existed in the geographical detector, and 4000 m might be the optimal scale for the classification performed in this study. At this scale, the interactions between most factors enhanced each other, which indicated that the interactions had greater effects on the built-up land expansion than any single factor. In addition, two pairs of nonlinear enhancement, the greatest enhancement type, were found between the distance to rivers and two socioeconomic factors: the total investment in fixed assets and GDP. Moreover, it was found that the urban plans, environmental protection policies and major events had a great impact on built-up land expansion. The findings of this study verify that the geographical detector is applicable in analysing the driving forces of built-up land expansion. This study also offers a new perspective in researching the interactions between different drivers.     

编织袋充填砂结构在围堰工程中的应用

结合青岛市四方区围海造地工程的实例,分析了在厚度较大的软弱地基层上水下铺设大型编织布袋作为围堰的主体结构的优点和结构特点,重点介绍了施工工艺以及在施工过程中需注意的问题。     

Bragg reflection of water waves by multiple floating horizontal flexible membranes with submerged rectangular bars on the seabed

Bragg reflection of water waves by multiple floating horizontal flexible membranes is investigated based on the linear wave theory and the assumption of small membrane response. Under the floating horizontal membranes, periodical submerged rectangular bars are arranged on the flat seabed. The total reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained by using the eigenfunction expansion method and the wide spacing approximation. The calculated coefficients are validated with the results available in the literature, which shows that the present method is applicable. The characteristics of Bragg reflection are systematically investigated by changing various parameters including the height of the rectangular bars, the number, the tension, the spacing, and the length of the flexible membranes. The results can help designing multiple floating horizontal flexible membranes as effective floating breakwaters by taking advantage of Bragg reflection.