侵蚀红壤植被恢复后土壤呼吸日动态及日呼吸速率测定方法比较

采用密闭室红外气体分析仪法(IRGA法)观测了中亚热带红壤侵蚀裸地植被恢复后不同季节土壤呼吸速率的日动态变化,并比较了IRGA法与碱吸收法(AA法)测定的土壤呼吸速率.结果表明:侵蚀裸地植被恢复后土壤呼吸速率日动态呈单峰曲线,与土壤温度的昼夜变化基本一致,最高值一般出现在午后13∶00~17∶00,最低值出现在凌晨3∶00~7∶00;植被恢复显著提高了土壤日呼吸速率,但明显降低了土壤呼吸速率日变化幅度;马尾松林对土壤呼吸速率日变化幅度降低程度高于板栗园和百喜草地,且对夏季的降低程度影响最大.而IRGA法和AA法测定的土壤呼吸速率具有显著的幂函数关系,AA法测定的土壤呼吸速率为IRGA法的27.5%~218%,平均为76.2%.当土壤呼吸速率较低时,AA法比IRGA法高估了土壤呼吸速率;反之,AA法则低估了土壤呼吸速率.     

晋东南辛安泉域地下水水质污染现状及污染成因分析

辛安泉是北方第二大泉，泉域面积１３０００ｋｍ＾２。根据环境水文地质条件，将拉域划分为四个子系统。采用饮用水卫生标准和污染起始值对系统内地下水水质进行评价，并对其污染成因进行了分析。     

A comparative analysis of the NDVIg and NDVI3g in monitoring vegetation phenology changes in the Northern Hemisphere

Phenology is a sensitive and critical feature of vegetation and is a good indicator for climate change studies. The global inventory modelling and mapping studies (GIMMS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) has been the most widely used data source for monitoring of the vegetation dynamics over large geographical areas in the past two decades. With the release of the third version of the NDVI (GIMMS NDVI3g) recently, it is important to compare the NDVI3g data with those of the previous version (NDVIg) to link existing studies with future applications of the NDVI3g in monitoring vegetation phenology. In this study, the three most popular satellite start of vegetation growing season (SOS) extraction methods were used, and the differences between SOSg and SOS3g arising from the methods were explored. The amplitude and the peak values of the NDVI3g are higher than those of the NDVIg curve, which indicated that the SOS derived from the NDVIg (SOSg) was significantly later than that derived from the NDVI3g (SOS3g) based on all the methods, for the whole northern hemisphere. In addition, SOSg and SOS3g both showed an advancing trend during 1982–2006, but that trend was more significant with SOSg than with SOS3g in the results from all three methods. In summary, the difference between SOSg and SOS3g (in the multi-year mean SOS, SOS change slope and the turning point in the time series) varied among the methods and was partly related to latitude. For the multi-year mean SOS, the difference increased with latitude intervals in the low latitudes (0–30°N) and decreased in the mid- and high-latitude intervals. The GIMMS NDVI3g data-sets seemed more sensitive than the GIMMS NDVIg in detecting information about the ground, and the SOS3g data were better correlated both with the in situ observations and the SOS derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer NDVI. For the northern hemisphere, previous satellite measures (SOS derived from GIMMS NDVIg) may have overestimated the advancing trend of the SOS by an average of 0.032 d yr^–1.     

利用地震偏移剖面解释岩浆岩的方法分析

在吉林敦化黑石煤炭资源赋存区,岩浆岩发育,煤层较大范围内受到岩浆岩侵蚀,岩浆岩侵蚀部位在地震剖面上差异十分明显,利用二维地震方法,对水平和偏移时间剖面特征进行分析和解释,就可确定其分布范围及位置。     

北京山区泥石流灾害预警方法研究

北京山区泥石流灾害较为频繁,总体以暴雨型沟谷泥石流为主,受地形、地貌、地质、降雨以及松散物类型等因素的影响比较明显。在调查分析北京山区泥石流灾害发育特征的基础上,从泥石流的形成和启动条件入手,对泥石流灾害的预警方法进行研究与探讨。     

为全民创业提供优质气象服务在全民创业中加快气象事业发展--在江西省气象局党组扩大会议上的讲话(摘录)

结合部门实际。对江西气象部门如何领会和贯彻落实2005年全省领导干部会议精神,提出了具体的指导意见。讲话指出,全省各级气象部门干部职工,要把思想和行动进一步统一到全省领导干部会议精神上来,围绕为全民创业提供优质气象服务,找准自己的位置,为不同创业主体提供精细化、个性化的气象服务产品。拓宽为全民创业服务的气象信息传递渠道,强化安全气象和资源气象服务,开展全民创业技能培训和创业资讯服务,营造优化有利于全民创业的气象政务环境。努力满足全民创业对气象服务的迫切需求。讲话还强调,全省气象干部职工要强化创业理念,大力培育气象创业文化;加强气象能力建设,加快提升气象现代化水平和效益;适应中国气象事业发展战略,加快全省新一轮气象业务技术体制改革;坚持改革创新,做大做强做优气象科技服务;加强队伍建设,为事业发展提供智力支持和组织保证,努力在全民创业的热潮中,实现江西气象事业在新的起点上更快更好的发展。另外。讲话在总结分析上半年工作的基础上,结合全省领导干部会议精神。对2005年下半年的工作进行了全面的部署。认为2005年下半年,全省气象部门要狠抓目标管理,积极做好气象服务工作,下大力气促科技服务上新台阶;要加强与有关部门的共建共享工作。及时完成“十一五”规划的编制。大力推进业务技术体制改革和现代化建设;要加强党建和气象文化建设,并根据《江西省气象局关于加强基层台站建设的实施意见》,以及《全省县（市、区）气象局“五大工程”建设考评办法》。抓好基层台站建设。     

Comparing grain size distribution of sediment and original soil under raindrop detachment and raindrop-induced and flow transport mechanism

The grain size distribution (GSD) of sediment in comparison with the original soil GSD is discussed under different slopes (5, 15 and 25%) and rainfall intensities (30, 60 and 90 mm h^–1 with respective duration of 30, 15 and 10 min) but identical runoff (15 mm). The sediment quantification was carried out by raindrop-induced flow transport (RIFT) or/and transport by flow (FT) using a rainfall simulator and a 6 × 1 m² erosion plot and a silt loam. The results show a high degree of enrichment for size classes of 2–4 and 4–8 μm and a high degree of depletion for size classes of >63 μm under different slopes and rainfall intensities. In addition, the results show that the experimental enrichment ratio (ER) for particle size <16 μm under different slopes and rainfall intensities was greater than 1, while the ER for particle size >32 μm was less than 1.     

边坡模型边界效应及材料孔隙率敏感性研究

通过自制的新型试验装置进行不同边界情况下的边坡模型变形破坏研究。探讨了边坡模型破坏开始时的坡角（破坏角）与边界条件的关系。试验结果表明,该破坏角会与模型厚度成一定的反比关系,但随着模型厚度超过一定值,边界条件造成的影响将趋于弱化,同时,运用数学手段定量地印证了这种关系形式。另外,还通过试验验证了相比于边界条件而言,破坏角的变化幅度会对模型材料的孔隙率更加敏感。基于所得结果,可对试验装置进行改进,并优化试验手段。     

水力类泥石流冲出规模模拟实验

在物源条件一定的情况下,通过实验模拟,研究水力类泥石流在不同流速、流量和纵比降组合条件下的沟道启动、揭底机理和运动特征。用Herschel-ulkley模型分析泥石流运动时的受力情况,整理实验数据获得侵蚀高度与纵比降的关系和流量与揭底距离的关系。     

硫酸侵蚀下水泥土的电阻率特性研究

通过室内试验模拟了水泥土试块受不同浓度硫酸（H2SO4）溶液侵蚀的过程,采用电阻率法研究了电阻率与各参数、无侧限抗压强度之间的关系。结果表明,受H2SO4侵蚀后,水泥土电阻率、孔隙水电阻率、水泥土抗压强度均随着溶液浓度的增加而减小,而水泥土的结构因子和重度均随着溶液浓度的增加而增加,水泥土抗压强度与水泥土电阻率成正比。在试验的基础上,考虑侵蚀因素对水泥土电阻率的影响,通过对Archie法则进行修正,得到了H2SO4侵蚀下水泥土电阻率模型。通过对无侧限抗压强度试验结果的分析,并结合试块表观变化,提出了利用电阻率来评价侵蚀程度的方法。