http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112001570

The supercontinent cycle,by which Earth history is seen as having been punctuated by the episodic assembly and breakup of supercontinents,has influenced the rock record more than any other geologic phenomena,and its recognition is arguably the most important advance in Earth Science since plate tectonics.It documents fundamental aspects of the planet’s interior dynamics and has charted the course of Earth’s tectonic,climatic and biogeochemical evolution for billions of years.But while the widespread realization of the importance of supercontinents in Earth history is a relatively recent development,the supercontinent cycle was first proposed thirty years ago and episodicity in tectonic processes was recognized long before plate tectonics provided a potential explanation for its occurrence.With interest in the supercontinent cycle gaining momentum and the literature expanding rapidly,it is instructive to recall the historical context from which the concept developed.Here we examine the supercontinent cycle from this perspective by tracing its development from the early recognition of long-term episodicity in tectonic processes,through the identification of tectonic cycles following the advent of plate tectonics,to the first realization that these phenomena were the manifestation of episodic supercontinent assembly and breakup.     

辽河双台子构造带沙三段主要的沉积相类型与成因分析

沉积相研究是油气勘探、储层质量评价、盆地构造演化的基础和有力手段.本文从双台子构造带沙三段岩芯观察和描述出发,介绍了沉积物的颜色,识别了冲刷面、递变层理、块状层理、准同生变形构造等多种沉积构造,建立了砾岩相、砂岩相和泥岩相等3大类12小类的岩相组合、总结了正递变,反递变、正-反递变和非递变等4种相序.在此基础上,指出双...     

Overestimation of short-term coastal cliff retreat rates in the eastern Mediterranean resolved with a sediment budget approach

Our understanding of sea-cliff erosion processes and their response to recent and/or projected environmental changes such as sea-level rise, climate change and anthropogenic development hinges on our ability to quantify sea-cliff retreat rates and their variability through time. Here, we focus on Israel's Mediterranean ‘Sharon’ sea-cliff as a case study for examining the significance of recent short-term (i.e. annual to decadal) cliff-top retreat rates that appear to exceed longer-term rates of ‘background’ (i.e. centennial to millennial) retreat by 1–2 orders of magnitude. We demonstrate that an inherent sampling bias in rate estimates inferred from observation intervals shorter than process episodicity can also explain such a pattern. This potential ambiguity leads to a striking paradox where despite highly accurate and robust documentation of recent cliff-top retreat, such as that obtained from aerial photographs and/or instrumental surveys, the short-term retreat rates of episodically retreating sea cliffs remain poorly constrained. To address this key data gap along the Sharon sea cliff we employed a sediment budget approach that focuses on quantifying the continuous wave scouring of cliff-collapsed material from the shore platform as a rate-limiting process for episodic retreat of the cliff above. We used four high-resolution (0.5 m/pixel) airborne LiDAR data sets acquired between 2006 and 2015 to determine short-term maximum retreat rates of up to ~0.08 m/yr during this nine-year period. These modern retreat rates compare to the cliff's background retreat rate of 0.03 to 0.09 m/yr since the mid-Holocene, as determined herein from multiple geologic and archeological observations. Our results demonstrate that previously reported twentieth century cliff-top retreat rates for this sea cliff, which range up to values of several meters per year, are biased and that sea-cliff erosion rates have not yet been significantly impacted by recent environmental changes in the eastern Mediterranean basin, such as the restriction of sediment supply following emplacement of the Nile's Aswan dam system. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

前寒武纪突发事件与小行星/彗星碰撞的联系——地球科学中灾变观的重现

包括地外事件在内的地球中阵发性的意义重新引起了１８世纪均变论与灾变论之间的论争。看来有些前寒武纪构造热事件可能关系到和代表着大直径（Ｄｐ１０ｋｍ）抛射物大型撞击的最终效果。特别是，影响到构造上活动、地热上活跃的即硅镁壳下厚度小于２０ｋｍ的地区，可望引发区域性及全球性的亚岩石圈扰动、岩浆突发作用和大岩浆省的形成。对地壳活动带大型撞击的结果可能难以与完全由内因触发的事件相区别，因为①由撞击反应的地幔绝热熔融形成的、热传导能够广泛的再结晶和有关的变形覆盖初始冲击变质效应；②隆起地区的剥蚀、埋没和俯冲可能使初始撞击效应广泛消失。因此最终的，包括滑塌堆积、混杂堆积、浊积沉积、微波陨石（ｍｉｃｒｏｔｅｘｔｉｔｅ）及微晶柱（ｍｉｃｒｏｃｒｙｓｔｉｔｅ）（气化小行星和标准物质的球粒冷凝液）与地球化学异常一起提供了揭示前寒武纪撞击史的钥匙。主要撞击事件撞击期的论据可从保存的撞击标志、岩墙群、火山岩序列及碱性侵入岩的同位素年龄值分布直方图的热峰值的比较中获取。文章对前寒武纪地壳记录中这些事件标志的确认有两个前途：①用西澳具有保存良好的太古宇至新元古界（２１５～１Ｇａ）的约２０００ｋｍ２的Ｐｉｌｂａｒａ克拉通地区为例进行区域研?