Local provenance in rehabilitation of degraded landscapes: a case study from the Hawkesbury–Nepean catchment, Australia

Throughout Australia thousands of volunteers are engaged in Landcare projects that should help rehabilitate degraded landscapes. Many of these projects involve tree planting, but their seed is not necessarily of local provenance. Based on a survey of 85 Landcare groups working in the Hawkesbury–Nepean catchment, data were collected about Landcare groups' knowledge of their seed source, understanding of local provenance and the ecosystem in which they were planting trees and the source of funding for their projects. The findings from the study indicate that about one in five (21%) of the groups surveyed that introduced plant material were not aware of local provenance issues. Indirect indications were that a large number of Landcare groups state-wide may be doing more harm than good to the landscape while trying to rehabilitate it. The data also showed that one in seven (13%) of the groups funded by the Australian Government through the Natural Heritage Trust (NHT) had limited awareness of local provenance issues. With millions of dollars being spent on 'works on the ground', it would be prudent to allocate some funds to document and monitor current Landcare activities, so that the environmental outcomes can be quantified and more effective Landcare policies can be developed in the future.     

三峡库区地质背景对土壤元素分布的影响及地方病效应

利用多目标地球化学调查方法,通过野外实地调查、大面积系统采集土壤表层样品、测试分析、数理统计,探讨了三峡库区灰岩母岩区与泥岩母岩区两种不同母岩条件下土壤中52个元素的含量分布特征。结果表明:三峡库区灰岩母岩区土壤元素富集而泥岩母岩区土壤元素贫乏,As、Br、B、Sb、C、F、I、Li、Mo、CaO等元素在灰岩母岩区土壤中含量大于泥岩区2倍以上。泥岩母岩区土壤元素含量比灰岩母岩区高的元素仅有Ba、P、Sr、Na₂O、SiO₂。元素分布的差异与三峡库区的地氟病与克山病分布关系密切,地氟病高发区主要分布于灰岩母岩风化形成的高氟土壤区,克山病则主要发生于泥岩母岩风化形成的低硒土壤区。地质背景对地方性疾病具有明显的区域控制作用,研究成果为三峡库区农业及城乡的合理规划布局提供了参考依据。     

六盘山植物区系基本特征的初步分析

六盘山位于陕甘宁交接地区,属于半湿润气候向半干旱气候的过渡带,是黄土高原生物多样性最丰富的地区之一,有维管植物836种,隶属于93科,359属。本区属于泛北极植物区、中国-日本森林植物亚区、华北植物地区的黄土高原亚地区。全部种子植物可分为13个分布区类型和12个变型,以北温带分布类型为主,与其他植物区系联系广泛,但特有属较贫乏。六盘山与小陇山、太白山和中条山的属相似性系数较高,均达60%以上,表明几座山体处于相似的生物气候背景之下,地理隔离性不明显。与贺兰山的属相似性系数低于60%,因为贺兰山位于干旱的荒漠与半荒漠区,可能有地理隔离作用。     

横断山区植物区系的基本特点

横断山区植物区系的基本特点为,植物种类多,古老植物多,特有植物多,地理成分复杂,各地理成分联系复杂,植物分化强烈。     

从地方病和环境污染性疾病看微量元素与钙的关系

从地方病和环境污染性疾病看微量元素与钙的关系李广生井玲（白求恩医科大学,长春１３００２１）关键词微量元素钙地方病环境污染性疾病我国几种主要地方病都与一定的微量元素有关,这已为大家所熟知。而值得重视的是,除了微量元素之外,它们又都在某些环节上与宏量元素...     

安徽省淮北平原地下水环境与工作方向

安徽省淮北平原位于该省北部,平原西部阜阳市地面沉降中心最大沉降量1501mm,采水型地面沉降进一步扩大,推测平原西部地区已发生大范围的地面沉降.淮北平原区饮水型高氟地方病广布,地氟病区占全区总面积的40%.其中轻病村17942个,占病村总数79.5%;中度病村4529个,占20.0%;重病村148个,占病村总数0.65%.病区乡人口总数1344.4万人,占淮北平原总人口的66%.区域地下水水位持续下降,地下水质量不断劣化.本文通过对以上主要水环境问题的论述,提出了平原区今后工作方向的建议.     

POSSIBLE HYDROGEOCHEMICAL PRECONDITIONS FOR KASHIN－BECK DISEASE IN TRANSBAIKALIA

ＰＯＳＳＩＢＬＥＨＹＤＲＯＧＥＯＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＰＲＥＣＯＮＤＩＴＩＯＮＳＦＯＲＫＡＳＨＩＮ－ＢＥＣＫＤＩＳＥＡＳＥＩＮＴＲＡＮＳＢＡＩＫＡＬＩＡ￥ＺａｍａｎａＬｅｏｎｉｄＶａｓｉｌｅｖｉｃｈ（ＣｈｉｔａＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＮａｔｕｒａｌＲｅｓｏｕ...     

Fluorosis and arsenicosis： An update

Endemic fluorosis, caused by excess fluoride in water, is widespread in the arid and semiarid tracts of India. This disorder is of recent origin and developed due to certain faulty water management practices. After Eager reported ‘dental mottling＇ among emigrants from Pozzuli in Italy in 1901, several such reports came from all over the world. From 3 works published independently from Pennsylvania, Arizona and South Africa in 1931, it was known that this disorder is caused by drinking water containing over 1 mg/L fluoride during formation of permanent teeth among children.‘Skeletal fluorosis/Osteofluorosis＇, affecting bones and joints among adults was reported by Moeller and Gudjonsson in 1932 due to accumulation of fluoride in hard tissues by drinking water with over 7 mg/L fluoride for several years. In course of time fluorosis has been reported in over 22 countries from all over the world. Fluorosis spreads now among 67 million people in the entire arid and semiarid tracts of India. The work of National Institute of Nutrition of India at Hyderabad in 1977 revealed the spread of endemic ‘genu valgum＇ （knock-knee） crippling lower limbs right from childhood in association with fluorosis in most parts of India. Although preliminary work revealed that genu valgum is caused by drinking waters poor in calcium and rich in molybdenum, efforts these disorders by supplying low-fluoride water should be taken up to know its exact cause to the communities could not so eradicate The governmental efforts to eradicate the problem.     

吉林省通榆、乾安县承压地下水氟污染的原因及其防治对策

本文针对吉林省通榆、乾安县潜水高区下部第四系承压地下水氟含量升高,引起氟地主病重新抬头的环境水千文地质问题,分析了氟升高的原因,主要是研发第四系承压地下水的过程中含水层顶板的大规模破坏,使高氟潜水下窜,污染了深层压水所致。对防治对策进行了探讨,提示人们在水资源开发过程中应保护开采层的地球化学环境,从违背自然的主观意识所造成的恶果中肖取教训。     

中国特有的永瓣藤属植物区系地理性质与特征

永瓣藤是卫矛科的单型属(Monimop etalum Chinese Rehd),为中国特有的珍稀濒危植物,分布于北纬28°30'～30°10'和东经114°30'～118°10'的长江中下游南岸地区。文中研究了永瓣藤的自然地理环境与群落特征,分布区的历史和分布格局的现状,探讨了它起源的时间、地区及区系地理性质。研究结果表明:(1)永瓣藤适应于温暖湿润和偏酸性(pH5.5～6.5)土壤的地理环境;它是群落的伴生成分,其分布受到杉木、马尾松、毛竹、赤杨叶等优势成分的影响。(2)其分布区的地史演变大概为:连续分布(新第三纪)→间断分布(第四纪及以后)→星散分布(现状).通山县的残存为湖北省植物区系地理分布新记录属(种).(3)它分布于我国东部中亚热带向北亚热带过渡区域,是一个具亚热带性质的华东特有属。(4)其起源地可能是扬子古陆的九岭-怀玉联合地体;起源时间大约在新第三纪中新世(或更晚),是被子植物一个起源比较年轻的属,并不是起源古老的地理成分。