土的边界面本构模型研究进展

简述了土的边界面本构模型国内外研究状况，阐述了其基本思想。对边界面模型作了简要评述，提出了边界面模型研究的发展趋向。     

土体固结弹塑性分析的参数二次规划理论及有限元解

基于广义Ｂｉｏｔ理论对土体弹塑性固结过程进行求解，建立了问题对应的参变量变分理论，并给出了数学证明，对此基础上推导了有限元分析列式，问题的求解最终化为参数二次规划问题，本文提出的方法适用于固结弹塑性分析的关联与非关流流动问题，也可处理各类软化问题。     

Analytical and Numerical Study of the Mechanics of Rockbolt Reinforcement around Tunnels in Rock Masses

Summary  This paper addresses the problem of quantifying the mechanical contribution of rockbolts installed systematically around tunnels excavated in rock masses. The mechanical contribution referred to here is that of increased stress confinement and decreased tunnel convergences as compared with corresponding stresses and displacements obtained for non-reinforced tunnels. The problem is treated analytically first by presenting a closed-form solution for stress and displacement distributions around a circular tunnel excavated in elastic material and reinforced by grouted or anchored rockbolts. The analytical solution assumes that rockbolts are regularly spaced around the tunnel and that axi-symmetry conditions of geometry and loading apply. The results obtained with the closed-form solution are shown to be equivalent to the results of the same problem solved with traditional numerical methods. Based on the analytical and numerical results and by introducing dimensionless ratios that allow to quantify the increase of radial stresses and the decrease of radial displacements in the reinforced region of the tunnel, the paper shows that reinforcement can have a significant mechanical effect (i.e., increasing the confinement and decreasing the convergences) in tunnels excavated in rock masses of poor to very poor quality. The paper analyzes then the mechanical contribution of rockbolt reinforcement when the rock mass is assumed to behave elasto-plastically. For this case, it is shown that rockbolt reinforcement can also have a critical effect in controlling the extent of the plastic failure zone and the convergences of the tunnel. Correspondence: C. Carranza-Torres, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Duluth Campus, 1305 Ordean Court, Duluth, USA     

滩海桶形基础承载力三维弹塑性有限元仿真

在经典的D rucker-Prager(以下简称D-P)弹塑性本构模型基础上,通过将线性屈服准则改为抛物线型屈服准则来模拟静水压力对土体的屈服与破坏,并根据实验确定的硬化曲线建立了改进的D-P模型,使该本构模型能很好地模拟大港滩海软土的应力应变关系。利用MARC程序作为平台,建立了滩海桶形基础承载力有限元分析模型,计算了实验桶形基础的承载力。将计算结果进行了与模型试验结果的比较,证明了该模型的有效性。     

基于位移的抗震设计中结构设计承载力的取值研究

合理的设计承载力取值能确保结构满足各性能水平的承载力需要。本文将多自由度结构等效为相应的单自由度体系,并假定单自由度体系为理想弹塑性体;根据结构各性能水平的目标位移,由能力谱法确定相应的实际承载力需求,取其中最大值作为结构实际承载力需求;引入超强系数定义结构实际承载力与设计承载力的比例关系,进而由实际承载力需求除以超强系数得到结构设计承载力,以此为依据对结构构件进行截面承载力设计,确保了结构能够满足性能目标要求。通过例题说明了本文方法的计算过程,并由静力弹塑性分析验证了其可行性。     

基于弹塑性修正Hertz接触理论的落石冲击力计算方法

本文以弹塑性修正的Hertz接触理论为基础,考虑落石冲击缓冲层过程的复杂性和缓冲层厚度的影响,结合路基规范方法的落石冲击深度公式,得出落石最大冲击力计算方法。以日本道路公团方法计算结果上浮40%为基准值,引入参数影响系数ζ,拟合出参数影响系数ζ多项式函数,采用S.Kawahara等教授的试验结果,对杨其新方法进行修正,拟合出其高值(h=0.5m)与低值(h=3.0m)比值的多项式函数。本文方法与陈氏方法进行比较得知:陈氏方法的最大冲击力低值稍高于本文方法,其范围为1.05～1.02(H=5～30m)。运用布西涅斯克解,推导出了落石冲击荷载作用于拦石墙背部的附加应力计算公式,为拦石墙构筑物的结构设计打下了理论基础。     

复杂加载路径下堆石料动力本构模型及数值模拟

采用所发展的亚塑性边界面模型，对堆石料在不同固结应力状态、排水条件和加载方式下的典型试验进行了数值模拟分析。在本构模型的数值实施中，联合应用自适应多步回退欧拉积分规律和局部迭代加快了迭代收敛的速度，提高了积分精度，进而编制了计算程序TESTROCK。数值模拟结果与已有试验成果的对比分析表明，该模型能够合理、有效地反映堆石料在复杂加载路径下的变形和强度特性，为深入揭示堆石料变形和孔隙水压力的发展特性和进行高混凝土面板堆石坝的非线性耦合静动力分析提供了理论基础。     

A micromorphic elastoplastic model and finite element simulation on failure behaviors of granular materials

One of the purposes in this study is to develop a modified micromorphic continuum model for granular materials on the basis of a micromechanics approach. A symmetric curvature tensor is proposed in this model, and a symmetric couple stress tensor is derived conjugating the symmetric curvature tensor. In addition, a correct derivation is presented to obtain the symmetric stress tensor conjugated with the symmetric strain tensor. The modified model provides a complete deformation mode for granular materials by considering the decomposition for motions (displacement and rotation) of particles. Consequently, the macroscopic constitutive relationships and constitutive moduli are derived in expressions of the microstructural information. Furthermore, the balance equations and boundary conditions are obtained for the modified micromorphic model. By considering the extended Drucker-Prager yield criterion, the micromorphic elastoplastic model is developed. Another purpose of this study is to derive the finite element formulation for the developed micromorphic elastoplastic model. Based on the ABAQUS user element (UEL) interface, numerical simulations investigated the load-displacement relationship and the strain localization behavior of granular materials and investigated the influence of microscopic parameters in the micromorphic model on these macroscopic mechanical responses. Numerical results illustrate the presented model's capability of simulating the strain-softening and strain localization behaviors, and the capability of considering the influence of microstructural information on the macroscopic mechanical behaviors of granular materials.     

考虑格栅流变性的加筋挡土墙格栅等效应力计算

将土工格栅加筋土作为宏观均匀的各向异性材料 ,在考虑格栅与土之间变形协调、土为满足Mohr Coulomb破坏准则的理想弹塑性材料及格栅为粘弹性材料的条件下 ,假定格栅加筋土宏观应力由土和筋材两种微观应力所组成 ,通过引入格栅的流变模型 ,建立了筋土复合体中格栅的等效应力计算方法 ,并将结果与未考虑流变时的格栅应力法进行了对比分析。     

基于沈珠江双屈服面模型理论的土体弹塑性模型

由于常用的邓肯E-μ、E—B模型的经验公式不能同时很好地反映粗粒土三轴剪切试验结果低围压剪胀、高围压剪缩变形特点,邓肯E-μ、E-B模型基于的广义虎克定律不能反映土体剪胀剪缩特性,所以笔者应用笔者发现的三轴剪切体变规律和沈珠江双屈服面模型理论相结合建立了基于沈珠江双屈服面模型理论的弹塑性模型,该模型能够很好地反映土体的剪胀剪缩特性,能够准确地拟合等围压剪切试验结果,能够很好地预测等应力比路径,等平均主应力路径,等大主应力,小主应力减小路径,小主应力和剪应力同等减小的应力路径的试验结果。