The use of small‐format and low‐altitude aerial photos for the realization of high‐resolution DEMs in mountainous areas: application to the Super‐Sauze earthflow (Alpes‐de‐Haute‐Provence,France)

Geomorphologists have to make choices and compromises, as acquisition techniques of geometrical information are numerous, depending on the specific complexity of the targeted three‐dimensional objects and the requirements of the end user. This article presents the methodology and the results over a well known and documented site. This ready‐to‐use, low‐altitude, aerial photo methodology reveals itself to be a satisfying compromise between cost, accuracy and difficulty of implementation. The selected equipment package is light enough to enable a quick reaction to unexpected events and the tools and methods are competitive with field acquisition techniques. An evaluation has demonstrated a sub‐metric accuracy for the final result. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Resistance to shallow landslide failure through root-derived cohesion in east coast hill country soils,North Island,New Zealand

Measured shear strength (cohesion and friction) of airfall-derived east coast hill country regolith is insufficient for the maintenance of existing regolith depth/slope angle relationships in the catchment of Lake Waikopiro in northern Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. If these regoliths are attributed with an additional increment of cohesion derived mechanically from a turf mat membrane, existing depth/slope angle distributions are explicable. Sites where failure has occurred have been measured, and back-analysis used to derive a range of values for additional mechanical cohesion. Values are in the range 0·2–7·6 kPa, consistent with earlier findings. This range is narrowed further, to 0·7–6·9 kPa, with assumptions regarding soil moisture status at failure. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Joint Electrical and Time Domain Electromagnetism (TDEM) Data Inversion Applied to the Super Sauze Earthflow (France)

In order to evaluate the risk of an earthflow to evolve abruptly into torrential surge, knowledge of its internal structure is necessary. This study deals with the internal structure of the Super Sauze earthflow developed in black marls in the southern French Alps. Difficulties in this study area are a rough topography, surface heterogeneities and a large thickness variability of the earthflow mass. These conditions hamper the application of geotechnical methods as a preferred investigation mean. Moreover, they pose problems to geophysical investigations and their interpretation.This paper shows the advantage offered by the joint inversion of Time Domain ElectroMagne-tism data (TDEM) and data obtained from Direct Current soundings (DC). The results of the joint inversions are checked using geotechnical data. The internal structure of the earthflow interpreted on the basis of joint inversion data is comparable to that obtained from geotechnical results. Moreover, contrary to separate electrical and TDEM inversions, a satisfactory joint inversion model can be derived without supplying additional a priori information.     

青藏高原东北部青海玉树泥流滑坡特征和成因分析

青藏高原变暖变湿, 滑坡灾害频发, 严重影响区域工程建设、 生态环境和人类生产活动。泥流滑坡和热融滑塌、 融冻泥流是季节冻土区和多年冻土区的特殊滑坡类型, 形态上相似, 很难区分。同时, 对青藏高原泥流滑坡灾害关注程度低, 研究较少。以青海省玉树州称多县直美村2017年9月7日泥流滑坡事件为例, 利用实测数据、 多时相遥感影像和无人机数据等多源数据和雷达技术手段进行了调查和分析。研究表明： 滑坡发生在坡积扇, 主滑段平均厚度约5 m, 体积约2.4×10⁴ m³, 滑体的滑动方向和重力作用过程一致, 依据滑坡三级分类系统属于堆积土浅层小型牵引式滑坡, 其形成和发育与当地地质条件、 连续降水和冻融循环作用有关; 然后进一步总结泥流滑坡、 热融滑塌和融冻泥流的特征, 认为玉树滑坡是季节冻土区的泥流滑坡。该研究有助于提高人们对泥流滑坡和青藏高原斜坡灾害的科学认识。